Ukugula okulele, noma i-trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika, isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi yabantu nezilwane ezivamile e-Afrika. Njalo ngonyaka lokhu kutholakala kutholakala okungenani abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-25.
Indawo, amafomu kanye nama-causative agciwane lokugula kwabantu
Ukugula kuvamile emazweni ezwekazi lase-Afrika, eliseningizimu yeSahara. Kulezi zindawo zihlala izimpukane ezithinta igazi ze-tsetse, ezithwala lesi sifo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifo eziphilayo zalesi sifo ezithinta abantu. Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezingenayo i-Trypanosomes:
- I-Trupanosoma gambiense yi-agent ye-Causative ye-Gambian (eNtshonalanga Afrika) yesifo, esivamile eNtshonalanga neCentral Afrika eduze kwemizimba yamanzi;
- I-Trypanosoma rhodesiense - ama-causative agents of the Rhodesia (East Africa) uhlobo lwesifo, ejwayelekile e-East Africa, emasimini.
Zombili izifo eziphilayo zidluliselwa ngokulunywa kwezimpukane ze-tsetse ezinegciwane. Bahlasela umuntu emini, kuyilapho kungekho zembatho ezivikela lezi zinambuzane.
Ngesikhathi sokuluma, ama-trypanosomes e-tsetse afaka igazi lomuntu. Ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha, kuthathwa kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuqhamuka kwalezi zinambuzane ukuthi zonke izizukulwane zazo ezintsha zikhiqiza amaprotheni akhethekile, ahluke kulowo owedlule. Kulokhu, umzimba womuntu awunawo isikhathi sokuthuthukisa ama-antibodies okuzivikela ngokumelene nabo.
Izimpawu zokugula okulele
Ukubonakaliswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo kufana nalokhu, kepha isimo se-East Africa ezikhathini eziningi sisuke sibi kakhulu futhi lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa kungaphetha emphumela obulalayo ngesikhathi esifushane. Ifomu laseMpumalanga Afrika libhekene nokuqhubekela phambili kancane futhi lingadlulela iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Kunezigaba ezimbili zokugula okulele, ezinezibonakaliso ezithile:
1. Isigaba sokuqala, lapho ama-trypanosomes asekhona egazini (amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-3 emva kokutheleleka):
- ukuvela esakhiweni sokulunywa kwesigunci esibuhlungu (njengombuso, kwabakhileyo bomdabu);
- umkhuhlane;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukuzamazama kwenhliziyo;
- ikhanda;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
- itching;
- ukulala .
1. Isigaba sesibili, lapho ama-trypanosomes engena ohlelweni lwezinzwa (emva kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga):
- ikhanda elikhulu;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukunganakwa;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukulala okuqhubekayo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemoto;
- ukuxubha ;
- i-coma.
Ukwelashwa kokugula okulele
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezidakamizwa zokugula, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwaholela ekutheni kube nomphumela obulalayo. Kuze kube yimanje, amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa angcono ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sifinyelelwe. Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngesimo sesifo, ukuqina kwesilonda, ukuphikisana kwe-pathogen kwezidakamizwa, ubudala nobujamo obujwayelekile besiguli. Ukuze ukwelashwa kokugula, kukhona okwamanje izidakamizwa ezine eziyinhloko:
- I-Pentamidine isetshenziselwa ukuphatha uhlobo lweGambian zama-trypanosomiasis ase-Afrika esigabeni sokuqala.
- I-Suramin - isetshenziselwa ukuphatha uhlobo lwaseRhodesi lokugula okulele esigabeni sokuqala.
- I-Melarsoprol - isetshenziselwa kokubili izinhlobo zokukhubazeka esigabeni sesibili.
- I-Eflornitin - isetshenziswe kwifomu yeGambi yokugula okulele esigabeni sesibili.
Lezi zidakamizwa zinobuthi obubi kakhulu, ngakho zenza imiphumela emibi kakhulu kanye nezinkinga. Mayelana nalokhu, ukwelashwa kokugula okumele kuphethwe kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe emitholampilo ekhethekile.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugula okulele:
- Ukwenqaba ukuvakashela izindawo lapho kunengozi enkulu yokuluma yizimpukane zama-tsetse.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zokuzivikela.
- Umjovo we-intramuscular of pentamidine njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.