Njengabazali abazange bavikele izingane zabo, kodwa bawa futhi bazenzele izinto zabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunemibuzo mayelana nalokho okwenza ingxabano enganeni, izimpawu zesifo nendlela yokuhlukanisa ngayo ukulimaza. Ezinye izimpungushe zekhanda azikwazi ukuholela esibhedlela kuphela, ukuphulwa kwamathambo, kodwa nokufa.
Izimbangela zokuncintisana kobuchopho
Ukuzalwa kwengane ngayinye kudlula ekuhambeni nasekufundeni kwezwe, okungahlanganiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhono emoto. Umsebenzi onjalo ngezinye izikhathi uphelele futhi uholela ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene. Akubona bonke abantu abangase bazizwe benengozi nokuphakama. Ezikoleni zasenkulisa, ikhanda lisezinesisindo esilinganiselwe sonke isisindo somzimba, ngakho-ke sinzima kakhulu. Ingxabano emntwaneni inezibalo zayo ezineminyaka ehlukene:
- ezinsana - 2%;
- ezinganeni - 25%;
- kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3 - 8%;
- ezinganeni zasenkulisa - 20%;
- kusukela eminyakeni engu-6-7 - 45%.
Lokhu kubangelwa ngezikhathi zomsebenzi. Ukucubungula kwengane kuze kube yonyaka kwenzeka ngenxa yokunganakwa kwabazali nokunganaki kwabo. Ngokuvamile, abantwana balimala ngesikhathi bewela emibhedeni, abahamba ngezinyawo, beshintsha amathebula ngisho nasezandleni zabantu abadala. Lesi sifo singenzeka futhi ngokugula okudlulele ngokweqile, lapho umama eshaya kakhulu ingane.
Cishe kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-9 ingane iqala ukufunda ukuhamba kepha okwamanje ayivuli izandla phambili ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ikhanda liyawa. Ngesikhathi sokuxubha okubukhali (ukugxuma, ukushaya ingane, ukuphatha kabi) noma ukushaya ubuchopho, i-inertia ibetha ngokumelene ne-cranium. Kulesi simo, zonke izindawo ezibalulekile ziyathinteka, isiqondiso segazi sishintsha nokucindezeleka.
Izigaba zokuncintisana kobuchopho
I-skull yezingane yakha ukwakhiwa okusemngceleni. Noma kunjalo amathanga aqinisiwe angasuswa kalula ngengozi. Kuye ngamandla ayo, ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezinjalo zesifo:
- Ukuncintisana okuncane kwengane kwenzeka ngamacala angu-90% okulimala okukhulu kwekhanda. Izimpawu zivela emaminithi angu-20 ngemva kokuwa, lesi sigaba sitholakala kalula.
- Ubukhulu obuphakathi - ngalolu daba, ukwehlukana kwamathambo emgodini we-cranial kungenzeka.
- Izinga eliphakeme lokuncintisana - ingane ingahle ilahlekelwe ulwazi. Unokuvuvukala kwesimiso sezinzwa, ukuqubuka kwesisekelo se-skull, ukuvela kwe-hematomas engasebenzi, efaka ubuchopho.
Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi ingane inenkinga?
Abazali bavame ukuthakazelisa ngombuzo wokuthi banganquma kanjani ingxabano yengane bese behlukanisa ngesikhukhula esilula. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi kubantu abadala kanye nezingane izimpawu ziboniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiguli sakhe. Ezinganeni, isibonelo, lesi sifo singase singabi nazo izimpawu, futhi uma kunjalo kunzima kakhulu ukusungula ukuxilongwa.
Uma ingxabano yobuchopho ibonakala enganeni, izimpawu zingase zibe ngale ndlela:
- isiyezi;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ubuphofu obuhamba phambili, obuvela emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni amaningana;
- ukungazinzi kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ikhanda elibi kakhulu
- ukunciphisa noma ukwandisa isilinganiso senhliziyo;
- isicasuli;
- usayizi ohlukile wezingane;
- ukuhlanza okukhulu;
- ukuphelelwa amandla ;
- ukudideka kwesikhala nesikhathi;
- ukuzwa kokudabuka.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuncintisana kwengane
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zengxabano emntwaneni zivela emahoreni ambalwa, emva kwalokho kuza ukuthuthukiswa, bese kuphinda kube nokuwohloka okubukhali. Umntanakho uyaba nomsindo, ahlale ekhala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokulala kuphazamiseke. Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngezici zomzimba nobudala. Abazali kufanele balandele isimo sempilo futhi, uma kunesidingo, bathathe isinyathelo.
Ukushisa ngezingxabano ezinganeni
Ukwanda komshini wokushisa komzimba akufakiwe kwizimpawu zobuchopho ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile ukuphendula komzimba kwindlela yokuvuvukala, eyaqala endaweni yomthelela. Lesi simo siyingozi, ngakho-ke ukubeletha kwengane kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Udokotela kumele athathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuze athole imiphumela futhi aqede lesi sifo.
Ukucubungula kwengane kuze kube yilezi zimpawu
Lapho ingane isanda kuqala ukwenza imizamo yokuguqula, ayikwazi ukusala yedwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphandle kwezindonga ezihlangene. Emva kokuwa okuqinile kwengane, abazali abasha bayazibuza ukuthi ingxabano yengane ibonakala kanjani. Isikhathi esiningi lesi sifo sihamba ngaphandle kwempawu noma singabonakali, ngakho isimo singaba yingozi.
Ngemuva kokuwa komntwana, udinga ukugcina iso kuye. Izimpawu zokuncintisana kosana zingase zibe kanje:
- ukuphindaphinda njalo ;
- ukukhathazeka;
- i-pallor;
- ukukhala isikhathi eside ngesizathu;
- ukwephulwa kwesifiso;
- ukulala.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma unenkinga yobuchopho enganeni?
Uma kunjalo, uma ingane yakho iwa, ungamvumeli ukuba alale ihora. Uma ingxabano yobuchopho ibonakala enganeni, izimpawu zibonakaliswa ngesifiso esinamandla sokudla, ukuphuza nokulala. Uma usola ukucindezeleka ngemva kokuwa, shayela i-ambulensi. Udokotela (i-traumatologist, i-neurosurgeon noma i-neurologist) kufanele ahlole ukuhlolwa kwesisulu futhi ahlaziye.
Esibhedlela, ukuxilongwa kwengqondo ezinganeni kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuhlolwa okuphelele, okufaka:
- ukuhlola izingqondo, ukuzwela nokusebenza komsebenzi;
- ukulinganisa kwengcindezi yokungena emzimbeni ophthalmoscope;
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
- ukwenza i-ultrasound neurosonography (yabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala);
- i-radiography yobuchopho
- ukuzimisela ukufuduka kwe-midline nge-echoencephalography;
- lapho kucutshungulwa ukuthi i-cerebral hemorrhage, i-lumbar puncture isenziwa;
- ukutadisha umsebenzi wezobuchopho nge-electroencephalography.
Usizo lokuqala lokuncintisana
Uma kwakukhona ukuncintisana kwengqondo ezinganeni, okokuqala udinga:
- Hlanganisa izingubo, ngaleyo ndlela uqinisekise ukuphefumula mahhala.
- Qinisekisa ukuthula kwengane, uyibeke endaweni eqinile endaweni ephakeme futhi uyihlanganise ngengubo efudumele.
- Uma kungenzeka, lungisa ikhanda endaweni eyodwa endaweni efanayo nomzimba.
- Beka umntwana eceleni kwakhe uma kuhlanza kuqala.
- Faka isicelo se-compress ice endaweni yethonya.
- Khuluma nengane, umbuze imibuzo ukuze aqonde isimo sakhe.
- Unganiki ama-painkillers.
Indlela yokuphatha ingxabano yengane?
Lapho kunengxabano kwengane, ukwelashwa kunqunywe kuye ngokuthi izinga lobukhulu kangakanani. Esikhathini esilula - ingane ingaba ekhaya, kodwa kufanele ilandele ukuphumula kombhede isonto. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunqunywe imithi, kanti izingane zibhekwa esibhedlela. Ngalesi sifo, izazi zibeka izidakamizwa ezinjalo:
- I-Phenytoin - ngokudumala ;
- imithi yokwelapha (Diacarb, Furosemide) - ne- edema yebuchopho;
- Amalungiselelo e-potassium (Asparcum, Panangin) - asetshenziswa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi neminye imithi;
- ama-analgesics (i-Ibuprofen, iPanadol) - ukunciphisa ikhanda;
- izidakamizwa ezipholile (Notta, Phenibut) - ngomsebenzi oqinile;
- antihistamines (Diazolin, Suprastin) - nge-allergies;
- I-Tserukal - nge-nausea eqinile.
Ukwelapha ukwelashwa kuhlanganiswa ne-vitamin complexes, ukudla okunempilo nokunomsoco, futhi uma kudingekile ngezidakamizwa ze-nootropic ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba ebuchosheni. Isibhedlela siphelela cishe amasonto amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi ingane ayikwazi:
- ukuba nesaba;
- buka i-TV noma ufunde izincwadi;
- ukudlala izincwadi ze-elektroniki;
- ukungena ezemidlalo.
Imiphumela yezingxabano ezinganeni
Ukubuyiselwa komzimba wengane kuxhomeke ezimeni zempilo yakhe, ubudala kanye nokuhambisana nezincomo zikadokotela. Imiphumela yokuncintisana ebuchosheni ingahluka kakhulu. Emhlabeni wethu, izingane ezingu-4000 zifa ngalesi sifo unyaka ngamunye, abangu-15 000 bahamba esibhedlela eside futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, abangama-4% abo bahlala bekhubazekile. Ezinye izinsana ezingaphenduliwe zihlaselwa isithuthwane, izinhlungu ziba khona njalo.