I-cholesterol, ephikisana nokungaqondakali okungahambi kahle, akuyona into eyingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi emzimbeni. Lesi sakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi sihileleka ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone ocansi, i-bile, i-vitamin D, eyayisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-membrane cell membranes. Umphumela omubi kulezo zinkathi lapho inani le-lipoprotein elincane, uhlobo lokuthutha lwe-cholesterol, noma i-LDL landa - ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ngesiguli esithile, kufanele kuchazwe ochwepheshe ngokuya ngamanani atholakalayo.
Yini engasongela lapho i-LDL cholesterol ekuhlolweni kwegazi iphakanyisiwe?
Isimo esichazwe kuthiwa yi-hypercholesterolemia emithi. Ukuze unqume izinga leengozi yalo, kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa ama-indices atholakala ekugxilweni kwe-lipoproteins ngezindinganiso ezijwayelekile. Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ehlukile, ba:
- kuze kube yiminyaka engu-29 - 60-150 mg / dL noma 1.55-4.1 mmol / l;
- 29-39 iminyaka - 70-170 mg / dl noma 1.81-4.40 mmol / l;
- 40-49 iminyaka - 80-190 mg / dl noma 2.07-4.92 mmol / l;
- 50-59 iminyaka - 90-220 mg / dl noma 2.33-5.70 mmol / l;
- Iminyaka engu 60-69 - 100-235 mg / dL noma 2.59-6.09 mmol / l;
- iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 - 90-215 mg / dl noma 2.46-5.57 mmol / l.
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-LDL kwe-cholesterol kwanda, ingozi yokwakhiwa kwe-plaque ye-cholesterol emithanjeni yegazi, ukuvinjelwa kwayo okulandelayo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis kwanda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlula izimiso zokubaluleka okucatshangelwayo kusongela ukutholakala kwezifo zenhliziyo ezihlobene nokuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kwamathambo nama-capillaries:
- i-infarction ye-myocardial ;
- ukushaywa;
- ukutholakala kwemithambo ye-peripheral.
Ngabe iziphi izizathu zokukhula kweLDL ngokweqile, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthini?
Ukusungula izimo eziqondile ezikhulisa ukuhlanganiswa kwalesi sakhi esiyingozi egazini kungenziwa kuphela emva kokucwaninga ngokucophelela umlando kanye nokuhlolwa komtholampilo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi i-cholestolol ye-LDL iphakanyiswe yi-Friedwald ngenxa yezinto ezithathwa njengefa noma ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokudla okunempilo - ukuxhashazwa kwamanoni, ama-carbohydrates aphezulu ahambisana, ukudla, imikhiqizo yobisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ingathinteka yizici zangaphandle:
- Ukubambelela isikhathi eside ekudleni okuqinile, kufaka phakathi ukuguga, ukudla okunomile nokumanzi;
- ukukhulelwa;
- ukuthatha ama-hormone e-corticosteroid, i-androgens, i-anabolic steroids;
- ukulethwa kwegazi endaweni eqondile;
- Ukudla kokuqala kokudla kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha ezilwane;
- ukubhema;
- ukuhamba kancane ngesikhathi sokuphila;
- ukudluliselwa kwezimo ezinzima ngaphambili, imisebenzi yokuhlinza noma izifo ezinzima.
Uma igazi lihanjiswe ngendlela efanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, izizathu ezizwakalayo zokwandisa inani le-LDL yizi:
- ukutholakala kwezingqinamba eziqinile ku-gallbladder;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo;
- i-nephrotic syndrome ngemuva kwesibeletho esingapheli sezinso;
- ukwehla umsebenzi we -roid ngesimo se-hypothyroidism;
- ukudakwa ngokweqile;
- ukuxubana kwe-bile (cholestasis), ecasulwa yi-cirrhosis noma i-hepatitis;
- isifo sikashukela noma ukwelashwa okungalungile;
- ukwehluleka kwezintuthwane ezingapheli;
- umdlavuza we-pancreatic;
- ukukhuluphala;
- i-jaundice ye-extrahepatic;
- ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula egazini;
- idluliselwe "emilenzeni" i-infarction ye-myocardial;
- i-glomerulonephritis ;
- i-gout;
- isandulela-ngculazi segazi;
- isimo sangaphambili sisho;
- i-anorexia nervosa;
- ukuvezwa njalo ekucindezelekeni okukhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inani elifanele le-LDL alikwazi ukuqiniswa njalo emva kokunikela ngegazi lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, odokotela batusa ukuba bahlaziye izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngekhefu elifushane, kusukela emavikini amabili kuya kwinyanga eyodwa.