I-Hyperthyroidism noma i-thyrotoxicosis yi-syndrome yomtholampilo ebangelwa umsebenzi obhekene ne-gland yegciwane nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-hormone T3 (thyroxine) ne-T4 (triiodothyronine). Ngenxa yokuthi igazi lingaphezu kwe-hormone ye-thyroid, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni ziyashesha.
Izinhlobo kanye nezimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism
Ukuhlukanisa i-hyperthyroidism eyinhloko (ehlotshaniswa nokuphazanyiswa kwegciwane le-thyroid), eyesibili (ehambisana nezinguquko ze-pathological planditary gland) nasezingeni eliphezulu (okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-hypothalamus).
Izimpawu ze- hyperthyroidism , evame ukuvela kwabesifazane abasebancane, aziqondile. Iziguli ziyabonakala:
- Izimpikiswano ze-CNS (ukulala, ukuthukuthela nokuphumula, ukuhlaselwa kwesibindi, ukukhuluma okusheshayo, ukugxila kwengqondo, ukuzamazama okuncane);
- ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso senhliziyo ( isifo esiqhubekayo sinus tachycardia, i-flutter kanye ne-fibrillation ye-atrial, impulse esheshayo, ephakeme phezulu (systolic) BP nge-diastolic encishisiwe, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo);
- ukukhubazeka okubukwayo (ngamaphesenti angu-45% kunokwanda kwegebe leso, ukulinganiselwa ukuhamba kwe-eyeball nokuhamba kwawo phambili, i-edema engavamile, i-eemadi e-edema, ukuphindaphindiwe kwezinto, ukugcoba emehlweni, ukuqothula);
- ukuphazamiseka kwemithi (ezigulini, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nakuba ukudla kulungile, kuthuthumela, ukushisa ukubekezelelana).
I-Hyperthyroidism ye-gland gland ibonakala izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- ukuncibilikisa isikhumba nezinwele;
- ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile zomlenze ophansi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-dyspnea;
- ubunzima ekukhuphukeni izitebhisi, ukuhamba isikhathi eside, ukuthwala imithwalo;
- ukoma okunamandla wokuvuthwa okukhulu.
Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-hyperthyroidism kwabesifazane
Uma kutholakala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwama-hormone T 3 no-T 4 (ngaphezulu kwesimiso) ne-hormone yegciwane (TSH - ngaphansi kwesimiso) zihlolwa. Ukunquma ubukhulu be-gland yegciwane bese ubona ama-node asetshenziselwa i-ultrasound. Ukutholakala kwendawo yokwakhiwa kwe-nodal kunqunywa nge-tomography ebhaliwe. Ukusebenza kwe-gland yegciwane kuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa i-radioisotope scintigraphy.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-hyperthyroidism , izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo (ukugcinwa kwama-hormone kuyinto evamile ngosizo lwemithi), ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwengubo yegciwane noma ingxenye yayo, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-radioiodine.