Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spirometry kuyisifundo somsebenzi wokuphefumula, lapho ochwepheshe bethola khona ivolumu kanye nesivinini sayo. Ukutadisha okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale izifo, indlela eyodwa noma enye ehambisana nomsebenzi wokuphefumula, noma ukushintshaniswa okwanele kwe-oxygen emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo ze-spirometry
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingu-4 zamasampuli we-spirometric:
- ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, okusebenzisa imithi ekhethekile - i-bronchodilators, isusa i-bronchospasm.
- ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula ukuzola;
- ukuhlolwa kwemoya yokuphoqa;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ventilation enkulu.
Ukuze isampuli isebenzise idivayisi ekhethekile - i-spirometer, evumela ukuthi ulinganise inani lomoya elivela emaphashini. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kombuso wesimiso sokuphefumula, okuyisigaba esidingekayo sokuhlonza nokuphathwa kwezifo ezithile.
Ukungafani nezinhloso ze-spirometry yamaphaphu
Le ndlela yokuhlolwa ayikho ukulinganiselwa kwimingcele yeminyaka futhi ayikho inqatshelwe.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-spirometry kufanele iqhutshwe yibo bonke ababhemayo, okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ukuze baqaphe isimo sombuso wokuphefumula futhi, uma kunesidingo, bathole ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi.
I-spirometry ingathola izifo zesifo sengculazi, izifo zenhliziyo, futhi zifunde indlela efanele yokuphefumula .
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uhlole ukuphefumula kwesifo sofuba , isifo se-pulmonary obstructive, kanye ne-sarcoidosis.
I-Spirometry
Ukuze le nqubo isebenzise i-spirometer, ebonisa ngokucacile ivolumu yomoya ovulekile nokukhipha umoya. Ukuze kugcinwe ubuningi bale nqubo, idivaysi yabiwe ngayinye icala umlomo olahlayo.
Okokuqala, isiguli siyacelwa ukuba siphefumle futhi sibambe umoya, emva kwalokho udinga ukugoqa ngokuqinile kumlomo, bese uphumelela ngokucophelela futhi uthola umoya ozolile. Kuzifo ezingapheli zamaphaphu, le nqubo ingathatha imizuzwana engu-15. Ngemva kokuphefumula sekuphelile, isiguli siyacelwa ukuthatha umoya ojulile, ukubamba umoya nokuphefumula ngomzamo.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuphefumula okuthulile kuyalinganiswa, futhi okwesibili - amandla okuphumula.
Ukuze ngokunemba kwedatha, le nqubo yenziwa kathathu futhi inani elilinganiselwe likhishwa.
Ukumisa i-spirometry
I-Spirometry inezinkomba eziningana:
- UKUPHILA - amandla amakhulu emaphaphu;
- I-FVC - nge-exhalation ephoqelelwe, umehluko phakathi kwevolumu yomoya emaphashini ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokuphuma kwawo kubalwa;
- I-FEV1 - ivolumu yokuphefumula kusikhondi sokuqala;
- I-PIC - izinga lokukhipha umoya;
- I-MOS - ijubane lokunyakaza kwemoya ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Amazinga we-spirometry
Izinkomba ezilandelayo zinqunyelwe ipharamitha ye-LEL, ekhishwa ngamaphesenti:
- evamile - ezingaphezu kwama-90%;
- Isimiso esinemibandela - 85-90%;
- ukwehluka okulinganiselwe - 70-84%;
- ukwehluka okuphawulekayo - 50-69%;
- ukuphutha okubukhali - ngaphansi kuka-50%.
Kuphazamitha ye-FEV1, amamethrikhi alandelayo aboniswa njengephesenti:
- evamile - ngaphezulu kuka-85%;
- Isimiso esinemibandela - 75-85%;
- ukwehluka okulinganisela - 55-74%;
- ukwehluka okuphawulekayo - 35-54%;
- ukuphuka okubukhali - ngaphansi kuka-35%.
Le mingcele yatholwa nguL.Schick noN.Kanaev ngo-1980.