Imikhiqizo yemisebenzi yama-mushroom, isici sayo ikhono lokulwa namanye ama-microorganisms, okuthiwa ama-antibiotics. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ophuthumayo kanye nokungabikho komthelela omubi kubantu, imithi elwa ne-beta-lactam isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwama-antimicrobial, okuye kwaba indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwezifo.
Indlela yokwenziwa kwamagciwane we-beta-lactam
Isici esiyinhloko salezi zidakamizwa kuba khona kwendandatho ye-beta-lactam, enquma umsebenzi wabo. Isenzo esiyinhloko senzelwe ukudala izixhumanisi phakathi kwama-enzyme ezincane ezinomthwalo wokubunjwa kwe-membrane yangaphandle, ngama-molecule we-penicillins namanye ama-antibiotic agents. Izibopho ezinamandla zibangela ekucindezelweni komsebenzi wezifo eziphilayo, ukuqedwa kwentuthuko yabo, ekugcineni ekuholela ekufeni kwabo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-antibiotic we-beta-lactam
Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zemithi elwa namagciwane:
1. I- penicillin , okuyimikhiqizo yokushintshaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-fentillium fungi. Ngokwemvelaphi yabo bangokwemvelo kanye nokwenyama. Iqembu lokuqala lihlukaniswe ngama-bicillin ne-benzylpenicillin. Kwesibili, ama-antibiotics we-beta-lactam uchungechunge ahlukanisiwe:
- I-Ampicillin, eyaziwa ngokuthi yindlela yokwenza isisindo esiningi sezenzo;
- I-Oxacillin, iMethicillin - izidakamizwa, umphumela wayo onokugxila okuncane;
- ureidopenicillins, ezibhujiswa yi-beta-lactases (Piperacillin, Azlocillin);
- Amapenicilla enamandla, ahlanganisa i-beta-lactamase inhibitors (i-tazobactam, i-clavulanic acid), evimbela ukubhujiswa kwe-agent nge-bacteria (i- Amoxiclav , i-Unazin, i-Sulacilin, i-Augmentin).
2. I- Cephalosporins ekhiqizwa yi-fungus Cephalosporium imelana nokubheja-lactamase kakhulu kuneqembu langaphambilini. Kukhona ama-antibiotic anjalo we-beta-lactam:
- I-Cephaloridine;
- I-Ceforaxime;
- I-Cefotaxime ;
- I-Cefoxytin.
3. I- Monobactam , efaka i-Azrethon. Lezi zidakamizwa zinezinyathelo ezimbalwa, ngoba azisebenzi ekulawuleni i-strepto- ne-staphylococci. Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe, ngokuyinhloko ngokumelene nefungi legram-negative. Ama-Azthreons avame ukunikezwa odokotela uma bengabekezelelani amapenicillin.
4. I- Carbapanemes , yilabo abamele iMeropenem ne-Impenem, bangabaningi bezindlela ezinebanga elibanzi kakhulu lemiphumela. I-Meropenem isetshenziselwa izinqubo ezithathelwanayo kakhulu, kanti futhi uma kungekho ukuthuthukiswa kokuthatha ezinye imithi.