Lapho i-malaria ibizwa ngokuthi i-swamp fever, futhi phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi emnyama yayibizwa ngokuthi "mala aria", okuyinto ngesiNtaliyane kusho umoya omubi. Futhi-ke, futhi manje lesi sifo kubhekwa njengento enzima kakhulu, ngoba sinaso amangqamuzana egazi obomvu.
Namuhla, kwezokwelapha, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo, lapho isici esibonisa ukuthilaleveva sincike.
Izinhlobo ze-malaria
Uhlobo lwe-malaria, nalokho, luxhomeke kulowo owaba yi-agent ye-causative yesifo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zalo, kunezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezibulalayo, nalabo abaphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi.
I-Malaria yaseTropical - PL Falciparum. Ifomu elibi kunayo yonke ye-malaria, ngokuvamile ephethe umphumela obulalayo. Kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo.
Ifomu lezinsuku ezine yilona i-causative agent ye-malaria Plasmodium malariae. Isici saso siwukugubha okuphindaphindiwe ngemva kwamahora angu-72.
I-malaria yezinsuku ezintathu i- Plasmodium vivax. Ukuhlasela kuphinda njalo amahora angu-40.
I-Oval-malaria - I-Plasmodium ovale. Ukuhlaselwa kuphinda njalo emahoreni angu-48.
Umthwali wezinhlobo zonke ze-malariya yizinyosi ze-malaria, ezihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni zase-Afrika, kancane kancane eningizimu yeSahara. Le nsizakalo ilandelana ngamacala angu-90% okutheleleka, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala zinethuba eliphakeme lokutheleleka ngenxa yokuzivikela komzimba obuthakathaka.
Naphezu kokuthi umlenze we-malaria uhlala cishe ezindaweni zonke zezulu (ngaphandle kwamahlane, ama-arctic nase-subarctic amabhande), kuveza ukusakazwa okukhulu kwe-malaria ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona amazinga okushisa aphansi, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi alikhuthazi ukukhiqiza nokudluliswa kwesifo.
Ososayensi banqume ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 ezayo, izinga lokufa elivela malariya lizokhuphuka izikhathi ezimbili.
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-malaria
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-malaria, njengezibonakaliso zalo, sincike ku-pathogen:
- ngesimo sama-tropical, isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi sisukela ezinsukwini ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-16;
- ngefomu lezinsuku ezintathu, isikhathi sokukhushulwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-21, kodwa ngenkathi ende yokutshala isikhathi lesi sikhathi sanda ezinyangeni ezingu-14;
- Nge-malaria yosuku olunezinsuku ezine, inkathi yokufakelwa kwesikhashana ivela emavikini amabili kuya ku-6;
- Esikhathini sokufakelwa kwe-malava oval ovale kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-21, futhi isikhathi eside sokukhushulwa singaba izinyanga ezingu-14.
Izifo Zengculaza - Izimpawu Ezivamile
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-malariya zibonakaliswa yi-chills, engaba nezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuqina. Kuncike ekutheni amandla omzimba aqinile kangakanani. Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuqala ze-malaria ziyi-cyanosis kanye nokupholisa emaphethelweni. I-pulse ikhula ngokushesha, ukuphefumula kuyaba mnyama. Le nkathi ihlala cishe ihora, kodwa ingafinyelela emahoreni amathathu.
Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala, isimo esijwayelekile siyaqhubeka - izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela emazingeni angu-41, futhi lihambisane nalokhu:
- ikhanda ;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ukudideka kokwazi;
- ukuphefumula;
- ubuso obomvu.
Ukuhlasela kuphelela ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa elivamile noma elifingqiwe, kodwa-ke kukhona ukujuluka okukhulayo okufika kuze kube amahora angu-5.
Emva kwalokho, lo muntu uyalala. Ngokuvamile ukuhlaselwa kuthatha amahora angaba ngu-10, futhi kubonakala futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, kuye ngokuthi i-pathogen.
Phakathi kokuhlaselwa, isiguli sibhekene nobuthakathaka, naphezu kokujwayelekile kokushisa. Ngokuhlaselwa ngalunye, umzimba uyancipha kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa eziningana, isikhumba sesiguli sitholakale sibe nomhlaba ophuzi noma ophuzi. Ngaphandle kokwelapha, umuntu angathola ukufika kwe-12, kodwa emva kokuyeka kwabo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amathuba okubuyela emuva aphezulu kakhulu.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-malariya, kuye ngokuthi ifomu layo:
Izimpawu zeMalariya yaseTropical. Leli fomu elibi kunazo zonke, futhi lizibonakalise okokuqala njengekhanda, isicashu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo , bese kuthi kube nomkhuhlane owedlule - kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuphuka phakathi kokukhwabanisa kuncane, futhi isikhathi somkhuhlane singaba amahora angu-36.
Izimpawu zengculaza yezinsuku ezine. Leli fomu liqala ngokushesha ngokuhlaselwa, ama-chills awakhulumi kahle. Ukuhlaselwa kuqala ngezinsuku ezimbili nezinsuku ezimbili zokugcina.
Izimpawu ze-malaria ezinsuku ezintathu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-malaria kwezinsuku ezintathu kuqala emini - izinga lokushisa likhuphuka futhi liqhuma, futhi liphinda njalo ngosuku. Lokhu kungenye yefomu elula kakhulu ye-malaria.
Izimpawu ze-malaria oval. Lena yindlela elula kakhulu ye-malaria. Ngamanje, kufana nesikhathi sosuku lwesithathu, noma kunjalo kuhluke kulokho kuhlaselwa kwenzeka kusihlwa.