Ukutshala amagilebhisi ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo - izincomo ezibalulekile nemithetho yabaqalayo

Ukutshala okulungile kwezithelo zomvini ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kanye nokungena okusheshayo ekufakeni izivini ezincane. Ukuqaliswa kwalo mcimbi kudinga ukulungiswa okuphelele. Udinga ukwazi ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle, ukuthola indawo yesitshalo kusayithi lakho, ulungise umgodi bese wenza ezinye izinombolo eziningi zokusebenza.

Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo?

Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zizama ukwandisa amajikijolo amnandi ngokuthenga izithombo ezinhlobonhlobo zemivini yelanga ngenxa yendlu. Abalimi bezitshalo abavumelani ukuphikisana ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka kungcono ukutshala izinto ezihlwanyelwe ukutshala. Okuningi kuxhomeke enhlobonhlobo yesimo sezulu esinomsila kanye nesendaweni, ukukwazi ukumboza amahlumela amasha emazulwini ngenqhwa encane. Ake sibhale izinzuzo zokutshala kwamagilebhisi kusentwasahlobo:

1. Okuyinhloko kanye nokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo - isihlahla sizoba nesikhathi sokukhula kuze kube sekuwa, umvini uzobe unomsindo futhi uzobe ubhekene nokushisa ebusika.
2. Kusukela ekwindla, kungenzeka ukulungisa umgodi ngekhwalithi, ukuwugcwalisa ngama-humus kanye namanyolo, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lomhlabathi.
3. Ukutshala kwe-autumn ezimweni eziningi kunqabile isikhathi lapho umvini engena khona.
4. Ukutshala amagilebhisi ezintweni zezitshalo zentwasahlobo kuyazuzisa ngoba umlimi wensimu kule nkathi unesikhathi esiningi sokuqedela yonke iphakheji yomsebenzi.

Kuphi okungcono ukutshala amagilebhisi kusayithi?

Ukukhiqizwa komvini kuthonywa umhlabathi wezithelo zomvini lapho uhlwanyela izithombo kanye nendawo yehlathi. Akunakwenzeka njalo ukunikeza indawo evulekile evulekile, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zivame ukuphoqelelwa ukutshala lesi siko eduze nendlu noma izindlu ezakhiwe, kungekude nemithi yezithelo. Kukhona izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhetha indawo efanele isivini:

1. Sizama ukuba namagilebhisi eduze nezindonga eziseningizimu zakhiwo ezinkulu.
2. Ukufika komvini akukwenziwe cishe kwamamitha amabili ukusuka emasimini aphezulu.
3. Izwe lomgodi wokufika kufanele lingasondeli ngaphezu kwe-1 m kusuka kwesisekelo sesakhiwo.
4. Hlanganisa izihlahla ezingasondeli kunama-50-80 cm kusukela ekugcineni komgwaqo we-asphalt noma umgwaqo.
5. Ukutshala kwamagilebhisi endlu entwasahlobo kanti izithombo emithambekeni zenziwa ngendlela ehamba phambili.

Ungatshala nini izithelo zomvini entwasahlobo?

Izinsuku zokutshala ezivuthiwe zomvini entwasahlobo zixhomeke ngqo kuhlobo lwezithombo ezitholakalayo. Ezindaweni eziningi, zenzeka lapho kufika ukushisa okuzinzile. Ukusebenza ngamapulangwe ane-lignified, ngesizini esedlule, iqala kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi. Amagilebhisi aluhlaza, atholakala ezitsheni ezivaliwe, angatshala kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi edlule kaJuni.

Ukulungiselela izithombo zamagilebhisi ukutshala entwasahlobo

Ukusinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwehlathi kubangelwa ukulungiswa kwezithelo zomvini zokutshala. Lo msebenzi uqukethe izigaba eziningana ezihlotshaniswa nokudubula nokuqothula:

1. Susa izimpande ezilimele.
2. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ama-saplings anezimpande ezigxilile.
3. Izimpande zempande zinqunywa kancane ukuze zivuselele i-branching.
4. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukucwilisa i-root system kwisisombululo se-hexachlorane. Ebhaketheni lamanzi, i-200 g yalokhu kulungiselelwa ichitheka futhi inge-400 g yobumba ingeziwe, emva kwalokho okufakelwayo kugxilwe engxenyeni yamanzi emizuzu emihlanu.
5. Emasimini owodwa ubudala sishiya amafihlethi amabili kudubula olulodwa noma ku-1-st izinso emahlumela amabili athuthukile.
6. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokutshala izithombo entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala inhlanganisela enomsoco enomsoco womquba nomhlabathi (ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo) kanye ne-heteroauxin.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo entwasahlobo?

Ukufunda imithetho yokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi wazi kangcono ukuthi kuyadingeka kanjani ukulungisa umgodi we-seedling. Ukusebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile okuchelela kanye namanzi emisebenzini, efaka umquba womhlabathi ngokusho kobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi ngcono kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwehlathi ngisho nasemhlabathini ompofu. Emgodini "ohlakaniphile" obulawa kahle, umswakama uhlala isikhathi eside, futhi isitshalo siphuthuma ngokushesha.

Ngabe umvini ohlwanyelwe entwasahlobo?

Ukuhlelwa komgodi wokufika kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo. I-winegrower ephathekayo kusengaphambili inakekela ukunisela izihlahla nokugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo. Ukunisela ukuchelela kusiza ukuhlinzekwa kwezitshalo ngamanzi ngesikhathi esishisayo. Uma lezi zinhlelo zingekho, kungcono ukulungisa ngokushesha ipulasitiki yepulasitiki emgodini, ozokwenza kahle indima yesakhiwo sokunisela esingabizi.

Ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo:

1. Ubukhulu obuncane bomgodi bunama-70x70x70 cm.
2. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, sizama ukungeza umhlaba kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi nezingaphezulu.
3. Ingaphansi yomgodi ihlanganiswe nobumba obunwetshiwe noma igravel (cishe 10 cm).
4. Ukuphuza ipayipi (ipulasitiki noma i-asbestos kufanelekile) ifakwe eningizimu.
5. Ububanzi obukhulu bepayipi yokuthambisa yi-10-15 cm.
6. Ubude besigaba sepayipi lukhethiwe ukuze lukhuphuke ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi libe ngu-10 cm.
7. Ukugeleza ngokushesha kumile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukubeka ungqimba wezinto zokumboza esihlahleni.
8. Ngaphezulu kwalo, lapho utshala entwasahlobo, kufanele uthule umhlabathi osondelene no-20 cm.
9. Izimpande zezithombo zibekwe emgodini onogundane lobumba, esinezungeze ipayipi yokunisela.
10. Amaqabunga aphansi lapho utshala kancane, futhi isithombo ngokwawo sithandwa kancane phakathi nendawo yomgodi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushisa.

Ibanga phakathi kwamagilebhisi ekutshaleni

Ngisho nokutshala okulungile kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngezithombo ngeke zinikeze umphumela omuhle uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlathi angomakhelwane alondolozwe kahle. Njengoba ukukhanya okungenamsoco nokuhlwanyela okukhulu, isihlahla sakho sizohlushwa izifo, uzoba nezinkinga ngentuthuko nokuvuthwa okuvamile kwamagundane. Kunemithetho ejwayelekile mayelana nendlela engcono yokubeka isivini esincane esakhiweni esisha.

Ukuhamba phakathi kwezithelo zomvini ekutshaleni:

1. Uma sibeka izihlahla eziningana, silondoloza emgqeni ibanga eliphakathi kwamachibi angama-2.5-3 m.
2. Ukuvuna izivini kuyinto 2-2.5 m.
3. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinsika ezingaphandle kanye nezihlahla liyi-1.5 m.
4. Isiqondiso esinconywayo semigqa sisuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho.
5. Ukufika okunamandla ngemuva kwe-1 m kuvunyelwe ukuphakama okuphezulu kuze kufike ku-3 m, kodwa lapha kuyadingeka ukuba uhlele amahlathi eduze nangendlela ekhethekile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
6. Emazweni aphelile, lapho utshala izinhlobo ezinamathele kakhulu zamagilebhisi, kungenzeka ukuthi ugcine ibanga phakathi kwamahlathi ka-1.5m.

Umanyolo lapho utshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo

Ukondliwa kwekhwalithi yamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokutshala kuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhula. Ukwethulwa kwe-organic and fertilizer esigabeni sokuqala kuvumela iminyaka embalwa elandelayo ukuthi ingasebenzisi izakhi ezengeziwe endaweni enezithombo ezincane kuze kufike ukungena kwesitshalo. Nansi iresiphi etholakalayo yokugcwalisa emgodini wokutshala entwasahlobo wamagilebhisi:

1. Ingqimba yokuqala ka-20-25 cm yinhlabathi evundile exubene ne-humus engaphezulu.
2. Ingqimba elandelayo ye-10 cm inhlabathi ehlanganiswe nama-fertilizer (cishe ama-300 g we- superphosphate nama- potassium fertilizer kanye nama-3 amalitha enkuni).
3. Ingqimba yesithathu ubukhulu obuyi-5 cm - sigcwalisa inhlabathi elula ngaphandle kwemanyolo.

Isithelo siqala nini ukuthela izithelo emva kokutshala?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-fruiting yokuqala yamagilebhisi emva kokutshala ithatha iminyaka engu-3-4. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinekhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kungakwenza ujabule ngezingqamuzana zesignali yesizini yesibili. Khuluma ngezithelo ezigcwele ezithwala umthwalo ojwayelekile kungabi khona ngaphambi komnyaka wesihlanu. Nasi uhlu lwezici ezithinta ijubane lokuhlanganisa ama-inflorescences:

1. Ikhwalithi yezinto zokutshala.
2. Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe lapho utshala.
3. Indawo yokutshala kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo.
4. Ukugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala ngezinto eziwusizo.
5. Isimo sezulu esifundeni.
6. Indawo yokuhlala yasebusika ephakeme kakhulu yamagilebhisi.
7. Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
8. Hlela ukusika nokubunjwa.
9. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuphuza.

Yini engasetshala eduze kwamagilebhisi?

Umbuzo wokuthi izitshalo azikwazi ukutshala eduze kwamagilebhisi, ziphazamisa abalimi bokuqala, abanamasiko amaningi ahlukene esakhiweni esincane. Ukhula, izinhlobo ezithile zemifino nezimbali zicindezela kakhulu amagilebhisi amancane, zisuse izinto eziwusizo ezivela ohlelweni lwempande, zikhuthaza ukusabalala kwezifo. Nasi uhlu lomakhelwane ababi ngamagilebhisi:

• isinaphi;
• umhlonyane;
• i-dandelion;
• i-hemp;
• inambuzane;
• i-clove;
• i-gayllardium;
• i-clematis;
• i-calendula;
• izitshalo ze-nightshade;
• i-leek;
• i-sorrel;
• ummbila;
• isilimo esinamagatsha anamanzi

Omakhelwane abahle ngamagilebhisi:

• ukolweni;
• u-sainfoin;
• i-primrose;
• ngikhohlwa-hhayi;
• i-Basil;
• i-sorrel;
• i-tulips;
• hyacinths;
• ukhukhamba;
• Strawberry.