Omunye wemibandela yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi ukuphikiswa kwamaqembu ahlukene. Uma kunzima kakhulu ukwakheka komphakathi, uma uhlukaniswa kakhulu futhi ingozi enkulu yokuvela kwesimo esinjengokungqubuzana komphakathi. Siyabonga, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke isintu sonke kwenzeka.
Kuyini ukungqubuzana komphakathi?
Lesi yisigaba esiphezulu lapho ukuphikisana kuqala khona ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, amaqembu, emphakathini wonke. Umqondo wokuphikisana komphakathi kusho ukuphikisana kwamaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukulwa okungahambi kahle lapho umuntu enesidingo futhi enesithakazelo esiphikisanayo. Le nkinga inezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kweyodwa, futhi isekelwe esimweni sokuthi abanye kufanele bame "esihlokweni," kanti abanye kufanele balalele.
Yini ebangela izingxabano zomphakathi?
Isisekelo ukuphikisana kwemvelo yokuziphendulela kanye nenhloso. Izinhloso zokuphikisana zifaka phakathi ukuphikisana phakathi ko "obaba" kanye "nabantwana", abaphathi nabaphathi, abasebenzi kanye nenhloko. Izimbangela ezizenzekelayo zokuxabana kwezenhlalakahle zithembele ekubonweni kwesimo somuntu ngamunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuqondene nayo. Ososayensi be-conflictologists baveza izizathu ezihlukahlukene zokuvela kwesibambiso, nansi okuyinhloko:
- Ukuhlukunyezwa, okungabonakalisa zonke izilwane, kuhlanganise nabantu.
- Izimo ezikhukhulayo nezendawo.
- Inzondo emphakathini.
- Ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle nezomnotho.
- Ukungqubuzana kwamasiko.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwahlukene ngabanye namaqembu kungabambisana ngenxa yezimpahla ezibonakalayo, izimo zengqondo nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo, igunya leziphathimandla, njll. Kunoma iyiphi insimu yomsebenzi, ingxabano ingase iphakame ngenxa yezidingo ezingahambisani nezintshisekelo. Noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke iziphikisana eziphendukela ekubhekaneni. Mayelana nalo bakhuluma kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphikisana okusebenzayo nomzabalazo ovulekile.
Abahlanganyeli ekuxabaneni komphakathi
Okokuqala, laba bantu bemi ngakwezinye izingxenye ze-barricades. Ngenkathi isimo samanje, zingaba zombili izinhlaka zomzimba nezomthetho. Ukuzikhethela kokungqubuzana komphakathi ukuthi kusekelwe ekungqubuzaneni okunye, ngenxa yokuthi izithakazelo zabahlanganyeli nazo ziyaphila. Kukhona nento engaba nayo impahla, engokomoya noma yezenhlalo nokuthi yilowo nalowo wabahlanganyeli ofuna ukuwamukela. Futhi imvelo yabo esheshayo yi-micro- noma macroenvironment.
Ukungqubuzana kwezenhlalakahle - izinzuzo nokuqeda
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impikiswano evulekile ivumela umphakathi ukuba uguquke, ukufuna izivumelwano ezithile nezivumelwano ezithile. Ngenxa yalokho, amanye amalunga ayo afunde ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezingajwayele, cabangela izifiso zabanye abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingxabano zanamuhla zomphakathi nemiphumela yazo azikwazi ukubikezelwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa okubi kakhulu kwezenzakalo, umphakathi ungawa ngokuphelele.
Imisebenzi yezingxabano zenhlalo
Iyokuqala-eyakhayo, neyesibili eyonakalisa. Abakhayo banomqondo omuhle - banciphisa ukungezwani, benze izinguquko emphakathini, njll. Ukubhubhisa kubangela ukubhujiswa kanye nokuphikisana, kuchitha ubudlelwane endaweni ethile, kubhubhisa umphakathi. Umsebenzi omuhle wezingxabano zomphakathi ukuqinisa umphakathi wonke kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Okungalungile - kuphazamise umphakathi.
Izinyathelo zokuphikisana komphakathi
Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezingxabano ziyi:
- Ifihliwe . Ukuncintisana ekukhulumisaneni phakathi kwabadlali kuyanda ngenxa yesifiso sonke sokuthuthukisa isimo sabo futhi bafeze kahle.
- Ukucindezeleka . Izigaba eziyinhloko zokulwa kwezenhlalo zihlanganisa ukungezwani. Futhi amandla amakhulu nokuphakama kweqembu elibusayo, linamandla nakakhulu. Ukungahambisani kwamaqembu kuholela ekubhekaneni okunamandla kakhulu.
- I-Antagonism . Lokhu kubangelwa ukucindezela okukhulu.
- Ukungavumelani . Empeleni, le mpikiswano ngokwayo.
- Ukuqedela . Ukuxazulula isimo.
Izinhlobo zezingxabano zomphakathi
Bangabasebenzi, ezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezemfundo, ezokuphepha komphakathi, njll. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kungavela phakathi kwabantu ngabanye nangaphakathi ngayinye. Nasi isigaba esivamile:
- Ngokuhambisana nomthombo wesenzakalo - ukuxabana kwamagugu, izithakazelo nokuhlonza.
- Emiphumeleni yomphakathi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezingxabano zomphakathi zihlukaniswe zaba yilapho ezidala futhi ezibhubhisa, ziphumelele futhi zihlulekile.
- Ngokwezinga lethonya emvelweni - isikhathi esifushane, esiphakathi nesikhathi, isikhathi eside, esiyinkimbinkimbi, esikhulu, esifundeni, sendawo, njll.
- Ngokuhambisana nendawo yabaphikisanayo - enezingqimba futhi eziqondile. Esikhathini sokuqala, abantu abangezingeni elifanayo baphikisana, futhi okwesibili, umphathi kanye nabangaphansi.
- Ngendlela yokulwa - ukuthula nokuhlomile.
- Kuye ngesilinganiso sokuvuleka - kufihliwe futhi kuvulekile. Esimweni sokuqala, abaphikisanayo bayathonya ngokungaqondile, futhi okwesibili baya ukuvula imibango nokuphikisana.
- Ngokuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwabahlanganyeli - inhlangano, iqembu, ezombangazwe.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano zomphakathi
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuxazulula izingxabano:
- Ukugwema ukulwa . Okusho ukuthi omunye wabahlanganyeli ushiya "isimo" ngokomzimba noma ngokomqondo, kepha isimo sokulwa sihlala, ngoba imbangela eyakhiwe ayiqedwe.
- Izingxoxo . Zombili izinhlangothi zizama ukuthola indawo evamile kanye nendlela yokubambisana.
- Abaphakathi . Izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano zomphakathi zihlanganisa ukubandakanyeka kwabalamuli. Indima yayo ingadlalwa yibo bobabili inhlangano kanye nomuntu, ngenxa yamathuba atholakalayo nesipiliyoni, enza lokho okungenangqondo ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwakhe.
- Ukulahla . Eqinisweni, omunye wabaphikisi kuphela okhipha izikhundla zabo, efuna ukuqoqa amandla futhi aphinde abe yingxabano yezenhlalakahle, ezama ukuphinda athole lokho okulahlekile.
- Ukukhalaza enkantolo yokubambisana noma yokubambisana . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubhekana nokubhekwa kubhekwa ngokuhambisana nemigomo yomthetho nomthetho.
- Indlela yamandla ehilela ezempi, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezikhali, okungukuthi, empeleni, impi.
Yimiphi imiphumela yezingxabano zomphakathi?
Ososayensi bacabangela lo mkhuba kusukela ekusebenziseni kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nezenhlalo. Esimweni sokuqala, ukulwa nokusobala kuyingozi futhi kuholela emiphumeleni enjengokuthi:
- Ukubhujiswa komphakathi . I-lever yokulawula ayisekho umsebenzi, ukuphikisana nokungaqapheli kuyenzeka emphakathini.
- Imiphumela yezingxabano zenhlalo ihlanganisa ukugxila kwabahlanganyeli emigomweni ethile, efaka ukunqoba isitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke ezinye izinkinga ziya ngemuva.
- Ukulahlekelwa yithemba lokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze nabamelene nabo.
- Abahlanganyeli ekuphikisweni basuswa emphakathini, bazizwa benganeliseki, njll.
- Uma sicabangela ukubhekana nesimo sengqondo somphakathi, cabanga ukuthi lesi simo sinezici ezinhle:
- Ngesithakazelo emphumela omuhle wecala, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu nokuqinisa ukuqonda phakathi kwabo. Wonke umuntu uzizwa ukubandakanyeka kwabo kulokho okwenzekayo, futhi wenza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxabana komphakathi kunomphumela wokuthula.
- Izakhiwo ezikhona zibuyekeziwe futhi izakhiwo ezintsha kanye nezikhungo zakhiwa. Emaqenjini amasha asanda kuvela, kunesilinganiso esithile sezinto ezithandayo, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza okuhambisanayo.
- Ukungqubuzana okulawulwayo kushukumisa abahlanganyeli. Bahlakulela imibono kanye nezixazululo ezintsha, okungukuthi, "ukukhula" nokuthuthukisa.