I-Truffle ibhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu yezinkukhu kanye nefungus ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni. Izidumbu zezithelo ze-truffles zijulile phansi, zibhekene nomumo ojikelezayo noma we-tubular. Izifungi zakha ama-mycorrhizas ngezimpande zezihlahla. I-Truffles inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Ngokwemvelo zingahlukaniswa zibe zimnyama, ezivame kakhulu, futhi zimhlophe, ezingavamile futhi ngakho-ke ziyabaluleka kakhulu.
Bakhula emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukukhiqiza kwabo kuvamile eFrance, eJalimane, eSpain, e-Italy nasePortugal. I-truffles emnyama kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu, ehlongozwa ePerigora eFrance, namhlophe abandayo ePiedmont nase-Umbria e-Italy. Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo kulo mbuzo: i-mushroom ye-truffle ikhula kuphi eRussia?
Kuphi eRussia lapho i-truffle emhlophe ikhula khona?
Lolu hlobo lwe-truffle lungatholakala singavamile, ngakho-ke luwusizo kakhulu. ERussia ikhula eMiddle Volga, eVladimir, eMoscow, eSmolensk, eTula, e-Oryol. Ama-truffles amhlophe akhula kusukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwebusika.
Ubukhulu be-fungus bufinyelela ku-15 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-500 g, enhlabathini kunokujula okungajulile - kufika ku-15 cm. Ngaphandle kwe-truffle emhlophe kufana ne- artichoke yaseJerusalema , inezinhlobo ezibomvu nezinyama ezikhanyayo. Ngokuba i-truffles yinyama eningi kune-mushroom ukunambitheka futhi iveza ukunambitheka.
Kuphi eRussia kukhula i-truffle emnyama?
I-truffle emnyama engatholakala eRussia ibizwa ngokuthi i-truffle ehlobo. Kuphi i-truffle ehlobo ekhula eRussia? Indawo yayo ingabizwa ngokuthi iCaucasus ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama. Ukhetha ukutshala inhlabathi yomlotha. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela ku-10 cm, bukhula emhlabeni ngokujula kwe-10-15 cm. Qoqa lolu hlobo lwe-truffle ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla yokuqala.
Kuziphi amahlathi ama-truffles akhula eRussia?
Ama-truffles amakhompiyutha akhetha ukukhula eduze kwezimpande zezihlahla ezinjalo: i-oki, i-birch, i-hornbeam, i-beech, i-walnut. Ngakho-ke, zingaqoqwa emahlathini lapho kuvela izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla. Okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi i-mushroom ye-truffle ikhula eRussia emahlathini ama-oki.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-truffles emvelweni
Emvelweni ama-truffles akhiqiza ngokuhlukile kunezinye izifungi, lapho izinhlamvu zihanjiswa umoya noma amanzi. Indlela kuphela yokusabalalisa ama-truffle imbewu (mycelium) avela ngosizo lwezilwane. Njengoba imbewu ejulile ngaphansi komhlaba, izilwane zihamba nazo lapho zifuna amakhowe.
Izindlela zokuqoqa ama-truffles
Ukufuna truffles sebenzisa izilwane eziqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile - izingulube noma izinja. Lokhu kubhekwa njengokuzingelwa kwangempela, okwenziwa ebusuku, kusukela ebusuku ebusuku iphunga lama-truffles lizwakala kangcono. Ungazama ukuthola amakhowe, ugxile ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Phoneliidae ngenhla emhlabathini. Uma kutholakala i-truffle eyodwa, khona-ke eduze kwayo kunamakhowe angu-5-6. Ukuqoqa ama-truffles kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kumele bahlungwe futhi baqoqwe ngokucophelela, bezama ukulimaza kokubili amakhowe ngokwabo, kanye nezimpande zomuthi eduze kwazo.
I-truffles ekhulayo
Ukuhlakulela ama-truffle emasimini akhiwe ngokuhlakanipha -
Isivuno sokuqala sitholakala emva kweminyaka engu-6. Ukuqoqa izivuno zamakhowe kungaba iminyaka engu-25-30. Zizobe zifinyelela ku-15 kg we-truffles ngehektare ngalinye lomhlaba.
E-Russia, ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwe-truffles akuvamile, le nqubo ivame kwamanye amazwe.