Bonke abantu basebenzisa ekudleni kwabo okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene: ukolweni, irayisi, i-millet, njll. Kodwa ilayisi yithandwa kakhulu, ngoba akuyona nje ukudla, kodwa futhi iyisiko labantu abaningi emhlabeni. Uma ukolweni ukhula kanjani, usazijwayele, ukuthi irayisi ikhula kanjani iningi lezinsalela ezingaziwa, ngoba kwenzeka emazweni asekude ase-Asia. Naphezu kokuthi irayisi inhlobo yezinhlobo ezahlukene, kepha ubuchwepheshe bokubakhula bufana nabo.
Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi ukuthi isitshalo sibonakala kanjani irayisi, kuphi nokuthi sikhula kanjani.
Irayisi yezitshalo
Ilayisi iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esiyi-herbaceous emndenini wezitshalo, sikhula futhi sivuno esihle esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesimo sezulu. Iqukethe uhlelo lwempande enomlilo, olunezintambo zomoya, ezihlinzeka ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen enhlabathini ekhukhulayo. I-rice bush isakhiwe kusuka emigqeni eminingana eqondile noma eqondile ifaka ububanzi obuyi-3 ukuya ku-5 mm ukuphakama kufika ku-5 m.
Izindawo ezikhulayo zelayisi
Cishe wonke amazwe ase-Asia (e-China, e-India, eThailand, eJapane, e-Indonesia) asekhulile ilayisi iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu, futhi emazweni aseYurophu cishe amakhulu emakhulu ayisithupha. Ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ukhula ilayisi yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene:
- irayisi ende okusanhlamvu - e-Asia, e-Australia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika;
- irayisi eliphakathi-eSpain, e-Italy, e-USA, eBurma nase-Australia;
- irayisi eliyindilinga elizungezile - i-Italy, iRussia, i-Ukraine, i-China ne-Japan;
- irayisi yasendle - isifunda saseGreat Lakes, emngceleni we-USA neCanada;
- irayisi elibomvu - eningizimu yeFrance;
- irayisi emnyama - iTibet (eChina);
- Kamolino - Egypt, emlonyeni weNayile;
- Basmati - Isifundazwe sasePunjab, enyakatho yeNdiya nasePakistan ngaphansi kwe-Himalaya;
- i-jasmine - izifunda zezintaba zaseThailand.
Izimo ezikhulayo zelayisi
Ilayisi ingakhula kokubili endaweni ephansi, amanzi agcwele amanzi, nasemasimini owomile, njengezilimo ezivuthiwe ezivamile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udala amasimu ezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlola - amasimu aphansi noma amatharafu emagqumeni emagquma, azungezwe ngamadamu noma ama-ramparts, ukugcina amanzi;
- i-liman - isigaba somhlabathi odaka eduze kwemifula, ukulimala kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhukhula;
- I-dry-bottom - isetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezinemvula enkulu yonyaka.
Ukuze ukhule ilayisi, udinga ilanga elihle, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside sokukhanya, isivuno sokuvuna ngokushesha.
Kungcono ukuhlela izinsimu ezihlahleni eziqinile, ezise-loamy, ezinama-silty kanye ne-acidic enhlabathini evundile. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle selayisi, kutuswa ukutshala emva kwe-alfalfa ne-clover, futhi nokushintsha indawo yokufika kuyo yonke iminyaka engu-2-3.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima ilayisi
Uma kutshalwa ilayisi e-liman nasemigqumeni eyomile, okuningi kule nqubo kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu, bese kuhlolwa, yonke inqubo ilawulwa ngumuntu, ngakho-ke le ndlela isetshenziselwa cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke irayisi ekhulile.
Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:
- Ngosizo lwezidleke ezikhethekile, izithombo zihlwanyelwe kusuka kumbewu yerayisi. Ukushisa okuhle kwalokhu kuyi-13-16 ° C.
- Izithombo ezitholiwe zitshalwe esheke.
- Emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, insimu yesheke isuke ikhukhula kancane kancane ukuze izinga eliphezulu lamanzi lingekho ngaphansi kuka-13-15cm. Ilayisi
ikhula kahle ekushiseni kwama-25-30 ° C. - Ukuze ukhula ukhula, amanzi anciphisa kusuka esheke, futhi emva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi, uvuselelwa. Ukuhluma kwenziwa kuphela ngesandla.
- Ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele nokumelela umhlaba ngaphambi kokuvuna, amanzi awela emasimini lapho iziqu eziluhlaza zerayisi ziqala ukuphenduka.
Ngenxa yokulima okunzima okunjalo, umuntu uthola ukudla okudingekayo futhi okudingekayo ekudleni, okusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, ngokudla kanye nabantu abadla imifino .