Ikhono lokwenza kahle futhi ngokucacile ukuchaza imicabango yabo lalihlonishwa ngaso sonke isikhathi naphakathi kwazo zonke izizwe. Isibonelo esivela kakhulu sobuciko bokukhuluma ngobuciko be-Cicero isikhulumi samaRoma - inkulumo yakhe ngokumelene nombusi waseSicilian, okuhloswe ukuveza lonke iqembu lababusi abasebenzisa i-sulky basacwaninga ezikoleni zomthetho. Futhi ngobuciko obuvamile be-oratorical, esiwutholile igama elithi "ukulandelana", livela eGrisi lasendulo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amasu okuhlaziya okuqhubekayo avuselelwa, izindawo ezintsha zokuxhumana kanye nezinhlobo ezihambisanayo zokukhuluma zivela, okufanele zixoxwe ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinhlobo zokukhuluma
Isitatimende ngasinye somphakathi sinomgomo wawo futhi senzeke ezimweni ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezenzakalo zokuphila zihambisana nezinhlobo zazo zokukhuluma.
- Izenhlalo-zezombangazwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imibiko ezindabeni zezombangazwe nezomnotho, imihlangano emikhulu, izibuyekezo zezombangazwe. Uma udweba lolu hlobo lwenkulumo, udinga ukubheja emaqinisweni, izinkomba ezinembile nedatha, izinkinga zenhlalo eziphezulu.
- Isifundo noma isayensi. Kuhlanganisa imibiko ehlukahlukene yesayensi, izibuyekezo, izinkulumo kanye nezibuyekezo. Isici sesici salolu hlobo luyisilinganiso esiphakeme senkulumo yesayensi, ukuzwela, ukukhanya, ukubonakala nokufinyeleleka kwesethulo.
- Ijaji. Lezi yizinkulumo zabameli nabashushisi enkantolo, kanye nezinkulumo zokuzivikela zommangalelwa. Inhloso eyinhloko yalezo zitatimende ukubunjwa kwezikhundla ezithile zenkantolo enkantolo, ngesisekelo lapho isigwebo sizodluliselwa khona.
- Ezomphakathi nezokufuywayo. Leli fomu lihlanganisa ukuhalalisela, ukududuzwa, "ukushaya kwezwe". Lapha isitayela senkulumo kulula ukufinyeleleka, ngokuvamile usebenzisa ama-cliches ahlukene.
- Izazifundo zenkolo nezingokomoya (ibandla lobufundisi). Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izintshumayelo kanye nezinkulumo emakhontathini. Isici kuba khona kwesici sezemfundo futhi sikhuthaze ezweni langaphakathi lomuntu.
- I-diplomatic. Lapha sisho ukugcinwa okuqinile kwezitifiketi zombusazwe, imikhuba eqinile ekukhulumisaneni komuntu siqu nokuxhumana.
- Impi. Lokhu kufaka izicelo zokucela ezempi, ama-oda, kanye nemithetho, ukuxhumana komsakazo kanye nezimo zempi.
- I-Pedagogical. Lolu hlobo lokukhuluma luqukethe izincazelo zothisha, izinkulumo zabafundi nemisebenzi yabo ebhaliwe.
- Izingxoxo nawe. Lapha sisho inkulumo yangaphakathi, ukulungiselela ukusebenza, ukucabanga, izinkumbulo kanye nokuziphendulela.
Okwamanje lezi zinhlobo zonke zokukhuluma, kepha njengoba izinhlaka zokukhulumisana zikhula, izintsha ezintsha zizokwabiwa. Isibonelo, manje izincwadi ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, amakamelo okuxoxisana kanye nezinkundla zezinsiza ze-Inthanethi sezivele zisho ingxenye ehlukile yokwaziswa.
Ungafunda kanjani ukuhleleka?
AmaGreki asendulo asendulo, izinsizwa zabo zazifundiswa, kodwa kufanele siqonde isayensi yokuziphendulela ngokwethu. Cha, yebo, kukhona abantu abanolwazi olululwimi, kodwa abaningi bethu banenkinga yokukhuluma ngomphakathi. Ukulungisa lesi simo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhulumisana kwansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukwenza imizamo emikhulu.
Kodwa indlela yokufunda ukukhanyisa ngobuciko, yini okufanele uyenze? Le nkinga inezixazululo ezimbili - yiya ezifundweni noma ekuqeqeshweni, lapho ochwepheshe bazothatha ukuqeqeshwa kwakho ezandleni zabo, noma uzame ukuqonda lesi sayensi esinzima. Uma ukhetho lwesibili lungcono kuwe, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukugcina imithetho elandelayo ekulungiseleleni ukusebenza.
- Uma kukhona ithuba elinjalo, thola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezilaleli ezizoba phambi kwakho. Ukwazi ukuthi ubani owenza okuningi, ungalungisa ukukhuluma kwakho ukuze kube mnandi kakhulu kubalaleli. Vumelanisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-slang yentsha ngesikhathi sombiko wesayensi kulungele kuphela uma ukhuluma nabantu abasha kude nesayensi, ochwepheshe abanjalo bayokwenzanya.
- Ikhono lokwenza ngcono, ikhono liyigugu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yenshisekelo eqinile, ukusizakala kwethu kusiholela, ngakho-ke esimweni esinjalo kungcono ukuba nenqubo yokukhuluma eyalungisiwe. Kusho uhlelo, hhayi umbhalo wokukhuluma. Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukugqamisa amaphuzu asemqoka enkulumweni yakho, amagama angukhiye, sinqume ukuthi uzobuza yini okuthile. Futhi kufanelekile ukunakekelwa
Izinto ezibukwayo - amagrafu, imidwebo, amatafula, futhi ungakhohlwa ekupheleni kwenkulumo ukuphinda umqondo wayo oyinhloko. - Umbiko wokubuka ngeke uhambele wonke umlaleli othakazelayo, ngakho zama ukunciphisa, sebenzisa imishwana ecacile futhi ezwakalayo, kunokucabanga okude.
Khumbula, ukukhuluma ngamazwi akuyona nje ikhono lokuveza imicabango yakho, kodwa futhi ikhono lokuwenza lizwakale emphakathini. Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungathinta kanjani izilaleli zakho ngemibono yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga izwi nezwi elithuthukile, ukuze ngosizo lwabo ungenza ukuveza kombhalo ngokomzwelo, ngakho-ke kufinyelele emphakathini.