Izigubhu zinezinhlobo ezimbili: ischemic (okuvela ekuvinjweni kwamapillari noma emithanjeni yobuchopho), futhi isifo esibi (senzeke ngokuphuka kwezikebhe nokuzibulala). Imivimbo eminingi, kuze kube ngu-80%, yi-ischemic. Ukusinda kanye nokuhleleka kokuphumula emva kokushaywa ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekuhambeni kwesikhathi kokuhlinzekwa kokwelashwa, ngakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi izimpawu kanye nezimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa isimo salesi sifo.
Izimpawu zokuqala nezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zesifo
Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zihlukaniswe zibe yi-cerebral futhi zigxile.
Izimpawu zesimpawu zifaka:
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okungabonakalisa njenge-stun, ukulala, noma, ngokuphambene, ukujabula okukhulu, ukukhathazeka;
- ukuphathwa ikhanda;
- isiyezi, tinnitus ;
- ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza;
- ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- izinhliziyo ezinjengezinhliziyo.
Izimpawu zokugxila zithembele ngokuqondile ukuthi iyiphi indawo yobuchopho ethintekayo, futhi ingabonakaliswa ngo:
- i-paresis;
- ukukhubazeka okubukwayo;
- ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo;
- ubuthakathaka, ukuphazamiseka noma ukukhubazeka kwamalungu emaceleni kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba;
- ukwephula ukulinganisa kobuso (ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yobuso ngakolunye uhlangothi).
Khuluma ngomsindo phakathi kwezimpawu kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuhlukunyezwa kwamadoda nabesifazane akudingekile, ngoba ubukhulu bephethini lesifo buxhomeke kuphela ebubini babo futhi abukho izici ezithile ezithandweni zobulili ezahlukene.
Izimpawu nezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo esikhulu
Nge-stroke enkulu ethinta indawo enkulu yobuchopho, isithombe sesifo sicacile. Izimpawu ezivamile zibizwa njalo. Izimpawu ezisemqoka ezinjengokuphazamiseka kwezimoto, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ukukhathazeka kwenkulumo kuyadingeka. Izinguquko ezingenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphefumula, ukuvuthwa okungenakuzikhethela noma ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuvela kwesifiso sokuphefumula. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukusabela okuvela emehlweni: ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi kwezamehlo, abafundi abahlanjululwe, ukungabi nampendulo ekukhanyeni.
Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo esikhulu , ngokumelene nesizinda sokulahlekelwa ukwazi, zengezwa izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula, ukungasebenzi komphumela wabafundi ekukhanyeni, ukwehlisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokubhekana nesimo senhliziyo, lokhu kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coma. Izibikezelo kulokhu zihlukumezeka kakhulu.
Izimpawu kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zesibalo esincane
Izibhamu ezincane, noma, njengoba zibizwa futhi emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ama-mini noma ama-micro-strokes, ezenzeka lapho izitsha ezincane zivinjelwe futhi zi-akhawunti yazo kuze kube yi-15% yazo yonke imivimbo. Ngokwe-ischemic stroke yalolu hlobo, izibonakaliso zokuqala (ukukhanda ikhanda, isizungu, ukungaboni kahle) azibhekwa ngendlela enzima, futhi izimpawu ezigxilayo zivezwe kabi noma zingekho. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-neurologic zidlule ngokuphelele ngenyanga, kodwa lapho kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele, imivimbo enjalo ingase ibuye noma ikhule ibe yi-stroke enkulu.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nosizo lokuqala lwezimpawu zesifo
Uma izimpawu zokuqala ezisolisayo zivela, kufanele uhlole izibonakaliso zesifo, ngenxa yalokhu:
- Isisulu siceliwe ukumamatheka (nge-stroke, ukumomotheka kuyinkimbinkimbi, ikona lomlomo linciphisa).
- Isisulu sihlolisiswa inkulumo (eku-sultness kushiwo ukuthi akucacile, kufana nenkulumo edakiwe).
- Ucele ukuphakamisa izandla zombili ngesikhathi esifanayo (umuntu angase akwazi ukukwenza, noma izinga lokuphakamisa izandla akufani).
- Uma kunokwenzeka, ukucindezelwa kwegazi kulinganiswa (nge-stroke kuvame ukwanda).
Ukuzitholela izimpawu zokushaywa yisifo kungavumelekile, futhi ekuboniseni kokuqala kuyadingeka ukubiza i-ambulensi. Ngaphambi kokuba i-ambulensi ifike, isiguli kumele:
- Ukunikeza ukuthula.
- Beka ukuze ikhanda liphezu komzimba wonke.
- Nikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala oksijini.
- Njengoba ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izidakamizwa ezinamandla.