Umzimba womuntu uthola amandla kusuka ku-glucose, ngoba ukucubungula kwe-insulin kuyadingeka. Ngokuntuleka kwaleli hormone ye-pancreas noma ukungabi namandla okubhekana nayo kudala isifo sikashukela. Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu se-endocrine, esihambisana nezinkinga eziyingozi, kodwa singalawulwa ngempumelelo futhi siphathwe kahle.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili - umehluko
Ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okufanele kuncike ekuchazweni kwesifo. Kukhona isifo sikashukela esincike kwi-insulin futhi esingekho insulini. Isiboniso sokuqala sokuthi i-pathology ivela uma ama-pancreas enza i-hormone encane kakhulu noma eyeka ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela lwesigaba sesibili lubonakala ngesifo esincane samathambo omzimba ku-insulin. Ama-pancreas akonakali kuleli cala futhi angaveza ngisho nokubhekwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone.
Isifo sikashukela hlobo 2 - kubangelwa
Isifo esicatshangelwayo sinobuciko obuningi, indima eyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni kwayo idlalwe ngokuhlelwa kwefa. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha e-US luye lwabonisa ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 ludluliselwa ezinganeni ezinamathuba angu-40%. Iziguli eziningi zalesi sifo zihlukunyezwa izihlobo eziningana noma ngaphezulu, ikakhulukazi emgqeni wesifazane.
I-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 ingatholakala futhi ngenxa yokuphila okungalungile. Ingozi ikhuphuka ngokumelene nesizinda sezici ezilandelayo:
- ukukhuluphala ;
- ukuhamba okuphansi (hypodynamia);
- okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-fiber yokudla ekudleni;
- ukunamathela ekudleni okungenalo i-gluten ngokungabikho kwesifo se-celiac;
- ngokweqile kwe-carbohydrate elicwengileko ekudleni;
- ukucindezeleka komzimba .
Isifo sikashukela hlobo 2 - izimpawu
Isithombe sesitholampilo sesi sifo sisaqaphelwa isikhathi eside noma izibonakaliso zayo zihamba kahle, ngakho-ke abantu baphendukela ku-endocrinologist kakade ezinyathelweni zokugcina ukukhubazeka noma lapho kukhona khona izinkinga. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili - izimpawu:
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukoma njalo (polydipsia);
- umlomo owomile ;
- isisindo noma ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukuvuthwa okuvame futhi okunamandla (polyuria);
- ukushaya isikhumba nesisindo;
- ukuphulukiswa kancane kwamanxeba.
Isifo sikashukela sinehlobo 2 - ukuxilongwa
I-main assessment criteria yokuqinisekisa kwesifo esichazwe ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala kwesithombe esithile somtholampilo, ikakhulukazi i-polydipsia kanye ne-polyuria, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ubuza ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela emlandweni womndeni, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokuthwala (ukuthwala). Ngokufanayo, izinkomba ezilandelayo zifundwa:
- isisindo somzimba;
- Izinga legazi;
- izifo ezingapheli zesistimu ye-cardiovascular and endocrine;
- indlela yokuphila ngokuhamba;
- imikhuba yokudla.
Ihlaziya isifo sikashukela sehlobo 2
Ucwaningo lwe-laboratory kufanele lubone ukuhlunga kwegazi glucose egazini. Ngaphambi kokuba i-hyperglycemia, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili luqinisekiswa - ushukela wegazi (i-venous noma i-capillary) akumele idlule u-6.1 mmol / L ngokuzila ukudla. E-plasma, lesi sibalo sifinyelela ku-7 mmol / l. Ukucacisa umphumela futhi ekugcineni uhlolisise uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type 2, izinyathelo zokulawula zithathwa ngemva kokuhlolwa kokubekezela. Ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha ekuhlaziyweni kwesisu esingenalutho nangamahora amabili emva kokufakwa kweglucose emzimbeni.
I-Hyperglycemia iqinisekisiwe uma, ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120, izinga leshukela:
- ngaphezu kwe-10 mmol / l egazini eligcwele igazi kanye negazi le-capillary elingu-11.1 mmol / l;
- okungaphezu kuka-11,1 mmol / l ku-plasma enegazi futhi 12.2 mmol / l wegazi le-capillary.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa imikhakha ekhethekile yokuhlola ukucacisa ukuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo. Ngemuva kokugcoba isigaba esinjalo ngama-reagents ku-fluid yemvelo, kufanele ulinde cishe iminithi engu-1 futhi uhlole umphumela. Uma uketshezi lweshukela emcimbini uhlala ngaphansi kwemingcele evamile, umbala we-strip awuguquki. Ngomuthi owengeziwe we-glucose, idivayisi ifakwe emgqonyeni omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2
Ukwelashwa kwesifo esinikezwe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqala ngezincomo ekuqalisweni kokudla kanye nokujwayelekile kwesisindo somzimba nokusetshenziswa kokusebenza ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile lezi zinyathelo zanele ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology nokulawula ngempumelelo uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela - ukwelashwa ngokulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokudla kusiza ukuqiniswa komzimba we-carbohydrate umzimba futhi kuncishiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glucose emathangeni asebindi. Ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesifo kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga, imithi ekhethekile imisiwe.
Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ushukela ngohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela - uhlu
Ukunciphisa ukuhlunga kwe-glucose egazini kungaba amaqembu amaningana ama-pharmacy agents. Amathebulethi avela kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, ehlinzeka ukunciphisa izinga leshukela, kunezinhlobo ezintathu:
- i-sensitizers (biguanides, thiazolidinediones) - ukunciphisa ukumelana kwe-insulin;
- i-glucose assimilation blockers - igwema ukumuncwa kwayo emathunjini;
- ubumba nama-prandial regulators of glycemia - kushukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulini.
Ukulungiselela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type 2, okwandisa ukutholakala kwezicubu kwi-hormone ye-pancreas:
- I-Metformin ;
- I-Gliket;
- I-Rosiglitazone;
- I-Bagomet;
- I-Eminorm;
- Siofor;
- Langerin;
- Insufor;
- I-Panfor;
- I-Tefor nabanye.
Imithi ephazamisa ukungena kwe-glucose:
- Guarem;
- I-Acarbose;
- I-Glukobay;
- I-Voxid;
- I-Glinose ne-analogues.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlobo lwe-diabetes oluphathwayo ngosizo lwama-stimulants ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-insulin:
- I-Amaryl;
- I-Maninil;
- Isifo sikashukela MW;
- I-Starlix;
- I-Glimepiride;
- I-Novonorm nabanye.
Ngabe i-insulin inqunyelwe nini uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela?
Ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali ama-pancreas noma okufana nawo kutholakala uma ukudla, ukulinganiswa kwesisindo, ukuzivocavoca nokudla kwezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic akusizi ukulawula iglycemia. I-insulini ye-type 2 yesifo sikashukela inqunywe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi phambi kwezinkomba:
- izinga leshukela egazini esiswini esingenalutho lidlula u-15 mmol / l;
- ukungenelela okunzulu okukhulu;
- i-ketosis;
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo ngokushesha;
- i- hyperglycemia eqinile;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinkulu, ezihambisana ne-decompensation yezinqubo ze-carbohydrate metabolism;
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo;
- ukungabi namthelela emithini yemithi yokwehlisa ushukela;
- i-gangrene;
- ukushaywa;
- izikhathi ezinzima zezinkinga eziyingozi.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela ngezokwelapha
I-Phytotherapy, eyenziwa ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, yenza ngcono izinqubo zamagciwane, iyanciphisa ukuhlunga kweglucose egazini futhi ikhulise ukutholakala komzimba ku-insulin. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi itiye kufanele inikezwe ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Amaqabunga asomile, iziqu nezimbali zokupuniza kumele zivele zimanzi ngamanzi abilayo (amahora angu-2-3 wezipuni ezinamafutha angu-500 ml). Isiphuzo esilungele ukusetshenziswa sisetshenziswe izikhathi ezingu-5 ngosuku.
Isidakamizwa sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esivela kuDandelion
Izithako:
- utshani nezimpande zesitshalo (esimweni esomile) - 6-10 g;
- amanzi angama-180-210 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Thela impahla eluhlaza ngamanzi ashisayo bese ubilisa imizuzu engu-10.
- Sifaka isixazululo sehhafu sehora.
- Bamba umhluzi.
- Phuza i-tbsp engu-1. isipuni kathathu ngosuku.
I-tincture kathathu
Izithako:
- anyanisi - 25 g;
- Amaqabunga ama-walnut aphuziwe - 25 g;
- utshani wezithombo - 20-25 g;
- i-vodka - 450 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Hlukanisa ivolumu ye-vodka ibe izingxenye ezintathu ezilinganayo zika-150 ml.
- Gxila kuso anyanisi osikiwe (izinsuku ezingu-5 ebumnyameni).
- Kungakapheli isonto, bamba endaweni emnyama amaqabunga ama-walnut, agcwele 150 ml we-vodka.
- Phakathi nesonto, ngokufanayo, gcizelela ubumbano obusotshani.
- Gwema zonke izixazululo.
- Hlanganisa uketshezi olutholiwe: 150 ml anyanisi, 60 ml nut no 40 ml weal herbal tincture.
- Thatha i-tbsp engu-1. spoon ngaphambi kokulala kanye nemizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.
Ingxube yokwelapha isifo sikashukela
Izithako:
- ikhasi lemon - 100 g;
- I-garlic ehlutshiwe - 300 g;
- izimpande noma amaqabunga eparsley - 300 g.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Dlula ngokusebenzisa i-grinder inyama yonke izithako noma ugaye ku-blender.
- Ukunika i-gruel 2 amaviki esiqandisini.
- Ngesithathu ngosuku udla ingxube ye-tsp engu-1 isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Ungayiphuza ngamanzi noma itiye le-herbal.
Ukuncipha kwamakhayini
Izithako:
- uju - 0.5 tsp noma ngaphansi;
- isinamoni powder - 1 ithisipuni;
- amanzi angama-180-220 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Thela isinamoni yomhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo.
- Ukuphikelela kusho imizuzu engu-30.
- Engeza uju eketshezi bese uvuselela uze uqedwe ngokuphelele.
- Faka umuthi esiqandisini amahora amathathu.
- Phuza isigamu sesisombululo isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni, futhi okusele - ngaphambi kokulala.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesi-2 lufanelekile kakhulu ukwelapha ijusi. Ukunciphisa ukuhlunga kweglucose egazini kusiza ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okuvela emifino elandelayo:
- izaqathe;
- Amahlumela aseBrussels;
- ubhontshisi obuluhlaza (isparagus);
- isaladi leqabunga;
- isilimo esinamagatsha anamanzi
Isifo sikashukela hlobo 2 - okusha ekunakekeleni
Ukungqubuzana kwezindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela ukugula okukhulunywa ngakho akukenzekanga okwamanje. Iqembu labososayensi baseSweden libhekene nokwelapha okusha ngohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela esinomuthi ongase ube negama lamanje elithi 2H10. Isenzo salo sihlose ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwamafutha emakhimbeni we-muscle, kufaka phakathi nenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukutholakala kwezicubu ku-insulin kwanda, futhi izinga le-glucose egazini livamile. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-agent 2H10 nemiphumela yaso emibi zisaphenywa eSweden nase-Australia.
Isifo sikashukela hlobo 2 - ukudla nokudla
Ukwakhiwa okulungile kokudla kubhekwa njengenye yamaphuzu ayinhloko yokwelapha. Ukudla kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kudinga ukudla okuvamile, okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu kukudla okungu-6 ngosuku. Uma kukhona ukukhuluphala, kudliwa ukudla okunokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi. Kwabesifazane, imali yabo yansuku zonke inqunyelwe ku-1000-1200, amadoda - 1200-1600. Lezi yizilinganiso ezilinganiselwe, ikhalori ngqo ibalwa udokotela oya khona ecabangela indlela yokuphila, umsebenzi wezimoto kanye nezici zomzimba zomuntu othile.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesi-2 - yini esingenakudliwa?
Kusukela ekudleni kwesiguli kufanele kube nokudla okuqedile ngokuphelele okwenza ukwanda okweqile kwe-ushukela wegazi. Ukudla okunomsoco wesifo sikashukela 2 kuhilela ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka utshwala. Utshwala ngumthombo wekhalori eyengeziwe "engenalutho" futhi ukhuthaza isethi yesisindo esiningi. Uma uphathwa ngemithi yokwehlisa ushukela, utshwala bungabangela ukukhukhumeza okukhulu kwe-hypoglycemia.
Isifo sikashukela ngohlobo lwesibili asifaki:
- izithelo ezomile;
- ushokoledi;
- ushukela;
- jam;
- i-ayisikhilimu;
- kvass;
- i-macaroni;
- noma yikuphi ukudla okwenziwa ngomfula omhlophe;
- i-semolina; i-semolina;
- amagilebhisi;
- ubhanana.
Yini ongayidla nge-type 2 yesifo sikashukela?
Umphumela we-hypoglycemic we-fiber yemifino uye wafakazelwa ngokuhlola, ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okuphezulu kufanele kunikelwe ekudleni. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2 sihlanganisa imikhiqizo elandelayo:
- zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nenyama, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zamafutha;
- noma yimiphi imifino, amazambane, i-peas eluhlaza kanye nobhontshisi bezinhlamvu - ngobuningi obulinganiselwe;
- amaqanda;
- isithelo;
- amakhowe;
- ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi omuncu;
- ubumnyama, isinkwa sonke samasinkwa, i-pastry ene-bran;
- amajikijolo;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- amafutha yemifino (okulinganiselwe);
- amantongomane.
Izinkinga zohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela
Uma izincomo zokudla nezokudokotela azihlonishwa, futhi ukungabi nokwelashwa okwanele, ingozi yentuthuko yemiphumela esongela ukuphila iphezulu. I-diabetes mellitus uhlobo 2 (ekhokhisiwe) iholela ekuphazanyeni okukhulu komzimba wesifo senhliziyo, isishuloskeletal kanye ne-central central. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kubangela ukukhubazeka kwezinso, isibindi nokugaya ukudla. Isifo sikashukela esingaxhomeki kwi-insulin sinezinkinga ezinjalo:
- ukuphefumula - ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwawo;
- i-polyneuropathy - paresis, ukukhubazeka, i-polyneuritis;
- i-micro- kanye ne-macroangiopathy - ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis, i-thrombosis, i-fragility yemithambo yegazi;
- i-nephropathy - i-glomerulosclerosis, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-renal;
- ukucindezeleka - ukucindezeleka, ukudakwa kwesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi;
- isifo sofuba - i-cataract, umonakalo we-retinal;
- isifo sesifo sikashukela - izilonda emilenzeni, isilonda.