I-Cosmopolism ezweni lanamuhla njenge Philosophy yezombusazwe

I-Cosmopolitan ibizwa ngokuthi imibono yesibindi kanye nefilosofi yokuba yisakhamuzi sezwe, isisekelo sayo ukuthi iphikisana nelungelo lobuzwe namagugu amasiko okhokho. Abantu abazibona bona njengezi-cosmopolite bazibiza ngokuthi bazizakhamuzi zomhlaba ukuze baqede izingxabano phakathi kwabakhileyo emazweni ahlukene futhi baqinisekise ukuthi sonke isintu kufanele siphile ngokuthula.

Kuyini ubuzwe bomhlaba?

Igama elithi "i-cosmopolitanism" lihlanganisa ukuhumusha okuncane, okwakhiwa ngokubheka ukugxila kwezombusazwe:

1. Ukwandisa umbono wobunye bazo zonke abantu okufanele bazizwe njengabantu abangashadile.
2. Imibono ye-Bourgeois, eyamemezela ukuthanda izwe ngokungafani.
3. Iqoqo leminye imibono enqaba ilungelo labantu ukuzimela.

Indoda engumuntu umuntu olahla ubuzwe bakhe kanye nezimpande, ezizibona njengezakhamuzi zazo zonke izizwe zomhlaba ngesikhathi esifanayo. Efilosofi, ubuntu obunjalo babizwa ngokuthi izakhamuzi zesifunda esisodwa - i-Cosmopolis, i-Universe efanayo. Esikhathini Sokukhanya, le mbono yahunyushwa njengenselele emthethweni we-feudal, echaza ukuthi indoda ayiyona yezwe noma umbusi, kodwa yona.

Isibonakaliso se-cosmopolitanism

Uphawu lwe-cosmopolitanism luphawu lwefulegi loHulumeni Wezwe Lwabemi Bomhlaba - inhlangano evezela umbono wezakhamuzi zomhlaba wonke. Banikeza amaphasipoti wesakhamuzi sezwe, kuze kube manje abantu abangu-750,000 abavela emazweni ahlukene babhalisile lapho. Kuze kube manje, iMauritania, iTanzania, iTogo kanye ne-Ecuador kuphela yamukele imibhalo enjalo. Ifulegi ibonisa isibalo somuntu obhalwe emhlabeni, njengembuthano. Lokhu kufanekisela ilungelo lomuntu ozobhekwa njengezwe lakubo noma yiliphi iphuzu lomhlaba, ngoba izwe lomdabu yilo lonke izwe elikhulu.

I-Cosmopolitanism - izinzuzo nokuqeda

Umqondo we "cosmopolitanism" enkathini yamaSoviet yayinemikhuba emibi, nakuba izibalo eziningi ezidumile zazibiza ngokuzibiza ngokuthi abalandeli balo mbono. Abacwaningi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi sekushiwo, kokubili ama-pluses kanye namaminithi. Amaphuzu abalulekile:

1. Awukwenqabe uthando lomhlaba wakubo, kodwa ubeka kuphela izigaba eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlola okuhle komphakathi.
2. Ivimbela ukubonakaliswa kwe-chauvinism, ukuzama ukuphakamisa isizwe esisodwa phezu kwabanye.
3. Kuvusa isithakazelo emasiko abanye abantu.

Amaphuzu abalulekile:

1. Iqeda futhi iqede inkumbulo yamakhosikazi, izindinganiso ezingokomoya kanye nezwe emqondweni womuntu.
2. Kunciphisa umuzwa wokuziqhenya ezweni lakho.

Ungaba kanjani umuntu?

Ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu ongumuntu ongeke alahle izwe lakubo, kodwa ubheka umhlaba wonke ukuba ube yindabuko. Uthembela emibonweni eyisisekelo:

1. Azikho amazwe athile kanye nezizwe, kunezwe elilodwa, kanye nomuntu oyedwa.
2. Inzuzo yomphakathi ingaphezu komuntu siqu.
3. Akuvumelekile ukushushisa abantu ngombala wesikhumba, ukholo nokukhubazeka ngokomzimba.

Ezingosini zanamuhla ze-cosmopolitans zikhona abantu abaqonda ngokubheka okuthandwa ngabanye, ukuhlonipha abantu ngabanye, nokungafani nesinye isizwe. Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe umelela abalandeli balo mqondo ngabantu abangaqapheli amalungelo okubandlulula noma ezombangazwe, ukubonakaliswa koNazism nokumenyezelwa kobuzwe besizwe esithile.

Ukuvezwa kwe-cosmopolitanism

"Isizwe samazwe" noma "isakhamuzi sezwe" - isikhundla esinjalo, mahhala ezimisweni ezivamile, asikwazi ukuhambisana nabaphathi. Njengoba ukuzikhukhumeza kwezwe labo, isifiso sokuyivikela nokuyivikela, bekulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yobuzwe kanye nenqubomgomo yasekhaya yanoma yimuphi umbuso. Ikakhulukazi behlasela ngentshiseko i-cosmopolitanism yabaholi baseSoviet, kuqale noStalin, owakhathalela kakhulu ukudalula le mbono.

Ukulwa ne-cosmopolitanism

Umzabalazo wokulwa nama-cosmopolitans phakathi nekhulu lokugcina eSoviet Union wabonakala ngokucacile ekucindezelaneni nabahlakaniphileyo, ababebhekwa njengesihawu emibonweni yaseNtshonalanga. Umkhankaso ngokumelene nabasekeli balo mbono wawuboniswa hhayi nje ezingxoxweni, babhalwa ngokuthi "isitha sabantu" kanye nokubhekisela emakamu, aboniswe ekuphikisweni okunjalo baxoshwa emsebenzini wabo, bashushiswa.

Umjikelezo wesibili womzabalazo wokulwa nalesi simo sempi yawela ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho abantu bebadingeka ukuba bahlangane ngokuthembeka emibangweni yeqembu. Ukuziqhenya njengesizwe sakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubandakanya, nokuphikisana nesistimu ekhona, kwakucishe kufane nokuhlukunyezwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imikhankaso enomsindo ngokumelene ne-cosmopolitans yahlelwa, ngesizathu esithile amaJuda ayekhetha njalo le ndima. Nakuba bazizwa benombono wokuthanda izwe nokukhethwa kwabantu babo ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe.

Cosmopolites ezidumile

Umbono wezwe "we-cosmopolitanism" wawubhekwa njengokukhangiswa ngabaningi abantu abawaziwayo, futhi ngamunye wabo wayenombono wakhe kanye nokuchazwa kwalo mqondo.

1. Owokuqala ukuzibiza ngokuthi ufilosofi ozovela emhlabeni wonke uDiogenes, wagcizelela ukuthi izithakazelo zomuntu zime ngaphezu kwezwe lokuthanda izwe.
2. I-physicist eyaziwayo e-Einstein yamemezela ukuthi abantu kumele babumbane futhi babone uhulumeni oyedwa - inhlangano eyasungulwa ngaphansi kwe-UN General Assembly.
3. UMengameli waseMelika Truman udumisa umqondo wokwakha i-republic yezwe, enobuholi be-United States.
4. Udokotela uHarry Davis umemezela ukuthi uyisakhamuzi sezwe, futhi waqala ngisho nenhlangano ehambisa amaphasipoti anjalo kuwo wonke umuntu.

Amabhuku mayelana ne-cosmopolitanism

Inqubomgomo ye-cosmopolitanism yakhanga abacwaningi abaningi bevela emazweni ahlukene, ngamunye wabo wazama ukuthola izimpikiswano zayo "ngokuba" futhi "ngokumelene" nezinkolelo ezikhona.

1. Yu. Kirschin "I-Cosmopolitan yikusasa lesintu" . Umbhali wembula imibono ye-cosmopolitanism e-Ancient Greece, eChina nakwamanye amazwe, ehlaziya imigomo ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo.
2. U-Tsukerman Ethan. Ukuxhumana okusha. Ama-cosmopolitan adijithali ngenkathi yokukhulumisana . " Ibhulogi efundiwe futhi ethandwayo ichaza amanethiwekhi omphakathi kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obuzoshintsha ikusasa.
3. A. Potresov "Izwe lamazwe kanye ne-cosmopolitanism. Imigqa emibili yezombangazwe yentando yeningi . " Le ncwadi iphakamisa izinkinga
4. ukuphikisana kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kwiqembu leMenshevik, ukubaluleka kwabo okuhlosiwe kuhlaziywa.
5. D. Najafarov. "UStalin no-cosmopolitanism 1945-1953. Amadokhumenti we-Agitprop weKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU . " Ubheka umkhankaso ngokumelene nale mibono njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubomgomo yobuholi baseSoviet.
6. Fougères de Montbron. "Abantu Bomhlaba Wonke Noma Abomhlaba . " Umlobi uchaza indlela i-ideology ehlukanisa ngayo ezweni lokuzalwa, egcizelela ukuthi izwe lifana nencwadi, nomuntu owaziyo kuphela izwe lakhe, funda kuphela lamakhasi kuphela.