I-serum ebizwa nge-plasma, engenayo izakhiwo ze-fibrinogen - amaprotheni. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-serum yikhiqiza elingenalutho. Iqukethe izakhi eziningi, okufanele zifundwe ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukubaluleka kwe-serum yegazi emzimbeni
I-serum iyinxenye esemqoka ye-plasma, kungenxa yokuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kuyenziwa. Kulezi zakhi zomzimba eziketshezi zichitheka. I-Serum iyinhlangano ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhambiseni ama-hormone, amaminerali namavithamini, kanye nokuhlanza umzimba wezinyosi.
Ezokwelapha, i-serum yegazi ehlanzekile iyadingeka ekukhiqizeni izidakamizwa eziningana. Ukuphathwa kwe-Serum kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzekeni kokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kanye nokubeletha. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-serum yegazi kukuvumela ukuba ubone izimbangela zokuphazamiseka futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuqedwa ngokushesha.
Izingxenye eziqukethwe ku-serum
Igazi lanoma yimuphi umuntu liqukethe i-cholesterol. Muva nje, kuyisimanga sakhe sokwandisa izifo ezihlobene ne-cardiovascular system. Empeleni, i-cholesterol iyadingeka ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone ezocansi, ukusebenza kobuchopho nokuvuselelwa kweseli.
Ezimweni zokubhubhisa, ukuhlushwa kwe-serum cholesterol egazini kunqunywa ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Njengomthetho, isimiso siwukuthi:
- okuqukethwe kwe-low-density lipoprotein kufika ku-2.59 mmol / l.;
- i-high-density lipoprotein okuqukethwe kusuka ku-1.55 mmol / l;
- okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol engqikithi kuya ku-5.18 mmol / l.
I-creatin ene-creatinine iyisici esibalulekile esidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwamandla. Umkhiqizo we-creatinine wenziwa ngosizo lwesistimu ye-genitourinary, ngakho-ke incazelo yenkhomba ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhloleni kwe-kidney pathologies.
Inkomba ye-serum creatinine ibalwa ku-μmol / ilitha futhi incike kwisigaba sonyaka:
- izinsana - 27-88;
- kuze kube unyaka - 18-35;
- kuze kube yiminyaka engu-12 - 27-62;
- intsha - 44-88;
- abesifazane - 44-97;
- amadoda - 62-132.
Kudingeka i-serum potassium yegazi. Izinga lamaminerali eplasma lixhomeke enani lezinto ezingenayo ezivela ngaphandle, okuqukethwe kwisakhiwo samaselula kanye ne-extracellular fluid, kanye nesilinganiso sokuphuma komzimba. I-indicator ye-potassium ibalwa ku-mmol / litre futhi incike kwisigaba sonyaka:
- Izinsana - 3,7-5,9;
- izingane kuze kube ngonyaka - 4,1-5,3;
- kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14 - 3.4-4.7;
- kusuka ku-14 ukuya ku-3.5-5.1.
Ekuhlaziyweni kwamakhemikhali, izinga lama-enzyme ku-serum linqunywa. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngama-enzymes e-plasma eqiniso, okukhulunywa ngawo ngokukhulumisana kwe-inhibitors noma ukwehla komsebenzi wokwenziwa kwamaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme angadingeki ukuba abe khona e-plasma atholakala:
- I-pathologies yemisipha yamathambo ihambisana nokushintsha kokunakwa kotshwala we-dehydrogenase, kanye ne-CK, i-isoenzyme yemisipha.
- Izifo ze-pancreas zibonakala ezingeni le-α-amylase ne-lipase.
- Izifo zezincuba zamathambo zihambisana nokushintsha kwama-indices we-aldolase, kanye ne-alkaline phosphatase.
- Nge-pathologies ye-prostate gland, izinga le-acid phosphatase linqunywe.
- Ezimweni zesifo sesibindi kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-alanine aminotransferase, i-glutamate dehydrogenase, ne-sorbitol dehydrogenase.
- Izinkinga ze-bile ducts zenza ushintsho ezingeni lika glutamyltranspeptidase ne-alkaline phosphatase.
I-serum iyasiza ama-hormone ezokuthutha. Ngakho-ke, egazini ingatholakala:
- i-prolactin;
- i-hormone yokukhula ;
- i-corticotropin;
- i-hormone ye-thyroid;
- i-adrenaline;
- i-dopamine;
- i-insulin;
- i-cortisol;
- i-progesterone;
- i-testosterone .
Futhi akuzona zonke ama-hormone, izinga lawo elinganqunywa ngokutadisha nge-serum yegazi.