I-Shiitake ngesiJapane isho ukuthi "amakhowe akhula emthini we-shia". Igama lesiLatin laleli fungus yi-Lentinula edodes. Njengawo onke amakhowe (siwaqoqa ehlathini, kodwa kaningi awukhumbuli ukuthi isikhunta singumkhuhlane, asikho kangako sikhumbule), shiitake ibhekisela kuma-basidiomycetes - isikhunta, esinesitho esikhethekile lapho izinhlamvu zikhula - basidia.
Ekudleni, i-cap isetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba umlenze unomthamo futhi unzima. Lawa amakhowe asetshenziselwa ukupheka empumalanga, futhi maduzane asewunqobe izigubhu zaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, uma i-black fungus (ebizwa nangokuthi yi-shiitake) futhi ingatholakala ezitolo zaseYurophu naseRussia, iningi limile, naphezu kokuthi likhule kalula ezimweni zokufakelwa.
Shiitake - okuhle nokubi
Ubufisi obumnyama abusetshenziswanga kuphela kwezobuciko bezociko emazweni aseMpumalanga Ekude, kodwa nangomuthi wendabuko waseShayina neJapane. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zama-mushroom ama-shiitake zaziwa ngabahlengikazi ngisho nangesikhathi sokubusa kweMing Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), ngakho-ke kwakukholelwa ukuthi le fungus yandisa intsha, ikhulisa amandla abalulekile, ihlanza igazi. Abahlengikazi baseShayina basebenzisa izifo eziphefumulayo ezingenhla, izifo zesibindi, ukungabi nesifo socansi. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe ama-shiitake emzimbeni womuntu kuqinisekiswa yizifundo zesayensi zososayensi baseJapane. Ngakho e-Purdue University (eTokyo) ngo-1969, uDkt. Ikekawa wathola umsebenzi we-antitumor wokukhishwa kwamanzi ka-shiitake, owawujova ngamagundane aphethwe yi-sarcoma. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvela emangcwabeni amnyama, i-polysaccharide, okuthiwa yi-lentinine (evela egameni lesiLatini elithi shiitake), yayisodwa. Njengamanje, i-lentinan yindlela yokudla ephilayo esebenzayo okusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo ezingokwemvelo.
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ephikisiwe yokulwa nesifo sofuba, amakhowe ase-shiitake aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, anikezela ekubunjweni kwawo kwama-amino acid, mhlawumbe, kuphela ku-fungi emhlophe. Noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe kwe- vitamin D shiitake kuyinto iqhawe elingenakuphikisana - ku-fungus omnyama laleli vithamini lingaphezu kwesibindi se-cod.
Yiqiniso, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo i-shiitake ezingayenzela emzimbeni womuntu, namanje akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancenga nabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kugwenywe. I-Shiitake ingabangela ukusabela okuqinile kwe-allergenic.