Uma uhlela ukuba nomntwana, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuyisivivinyo esinzima kakhulu emzimbeni wesifazane. Umama ozayo uzokwandisa izifo ezingelapheki, ukunciphisa ingculazi futhi owesifazane uzobe esengozini yezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo, eziningi zazo zibe yingozi enkulu empilweni yomntwana ongakazalwa.
Shaya izifo ezithathelanayo
Ngisho nasesiteji sokulungiselela ukukhulelwa, udokotela angakunikela ukuthi uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamagciwane okulwa ne-TORCH-infections (rubella, herpes, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus). Lezi zifo zibe yingozi enkulu enganeni. Ziba nomthelela omubi ohlelweni nasezigungwini ze-fetus, ikakhulukazi, ohlelweni lwezinzwa, okwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukuzalwa kwengane efile kanye nokukhubazeka kwengane. Ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kwalezi zifo ngumama okhulelwe kuzobangela isidingo sokukhipha isisu. Kodwa uma ama-antibodies e-TORCH-ukutheleleka egazini atholakale ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, owesifazane angaba ngumama kalula, abesongi ingane.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi egazini labesifazane abakhulelwe kukhona ama-antibodies e-rubella, ngakho-ke uma kungenalo igciwane lesifo noma uma i-antibody titer (inombolo) iphansi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, batusa ukugoma kuze kube yilapho owesifazane ekhulelwe.
Igazi lamagciwane okulwa ne-TORCH-infections linikezwa ngeviki lesishiyagalombili lokukhulelwa. Lapho kukhona ama-antibodies IgM, singakhuluma ngezifo eziqhubekayo. Uma izifo ze-IgG zitholakala egazini, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi owesifazane usulelekile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, futhi ukutheleleka akuyona ingozi kumntwana.
Ama-anti-rhythm-anti-antibodies
Ukutholakala kwe-Rh-impikiswano kungenzeka uma i-Rh factor ye-mother and fetus ingalingani. Uma kwenzeka umntwana enesisindo esihle, amathuba okulwa ne-rhesus-aphezulu kakhulu kunesimo esihlukile futhi imiphumela iyingozi nakakhulu.
Ngomqondo omubi weRhesus wegazi lomama wesikhathi esizayo, futhi okuhle kubaba, okwenzeka ku-Rh-ingxabano ne-fetus, amacala angu-75% ahlonishwa. Egazini lomfazi, ama-antibodies avikelayo aqala ukukhiqizwa, angena egazini lomntwana, abulale amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. I-fetus iqala ukungena oksijini futhi ingaba nesifo se-hemolytic. Ukukhulelwa kuleli cala njalo kudlula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamagciwane. Uma isibalo sama-antibodies sanda, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kuqale ukuthathwa kwe-Rhesus-impi kanye nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Abesifazane abakhulelwe banikwa i-antirezus immunoglobulin ezinyangeni ezingu-7 zokukhulelwa nezinsuku ezintathu emva kokuzalwa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi i-Rhesus-impikiswano neqembu elibi legazi lingenakwenzeka, kodwa nge-rhesus efanayo, kodwa amaqembu egazi ahlukene abazali, kungase kube ne-Rh-impikiswano.
Kuphi amanye ama-antibodies enza phezu kwegazi lapho ukhulelwa?
Ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, ungathatha izivivinyo zama-antibodies ezifweni eziningana ezibalulekile - isifo sofuba, i-HIV, isifo sofuba, isifo se-hepatitis, i-chlamydia ukutheleleka, i-ureaplasmosis. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa kabili - esigabeni sokuqala sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokuzalwa.
Ezimweni ezikhethekile uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, udokotela uzokunikela ukuba udlulise ukuhlaziywa kwama-antibodies kumuntu wesilisa, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili kuphelile ekukhulekeleni. Ngokuvamile, ama-antibodies antisperm ayengekho.
Yiqiniso lokhu akuyona inqubo enhle kakhulu - ukunikela ngegazi ukuhlolwa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesikhathi sokuvimbela izifo ezibi kakhulu nemiphumela yawo enganeni yakho engakazalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu kufanelekile isiguli esincane futhi ube nokuzola impilo yengane yakho.