Ukutshala ama-strawberries - isisekelo sokuvuna okucebile

Izitshalo ze-Berry zisezingeni eliphezulu ekunakekeleni: zingakhula futhi zithele izithelo zombili emhlabathini ovulekile, nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo, ngaphansi kwefilimu noma emapulazini ebhodini. Kusukela ekugcinweni kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala ama-strawberries engadini, kuncike empilweni yemifula embhede kanye nomthamo wokuvuna esizayo.

Imithetho yokutshala ama-strawberries

Ukutshala amajikijolo kungaqaliswa kusuka kulesithombo kanye nokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu emhlabathini. Ukhetho lwesibili lisetshenziswe kaningi kangako: Uma ucela umlimi onolwazi mayelana nokuthi angatshala kanjani i-strawberry ngendlela efanele, uzoqala indaba yakhe ngokuthola noma ukulima kwezithombo. Ngaphandle kwalokho amathiphu wokutshala ugxile ku:

1. Ukukhetha imbewu efanele. Kwabaqalayo kanye nabahlali bezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo noma esibandayo, kungcono ukuqala ukuhlolwa nge nzalo - emaphaketheni abo ukufakwa kwe-F1 kufakwa.
2. Uhluma esiponini noma padon pad. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi imbewu ichitheka ngendwangu ebomvu, ucezu lwe-raber i-foam, ukotini, kodwa hhayi emhlabathini. Le ndlela yokuhluma ixazulula inkinga yezinhlamvu "zamanga", lapho izimbiza ze-peat zichitheka khona. Esigubungwini sepulasitiki, uboya noma uboya bekotini obunamanzi buwa, imbewu ihlelwe kuwo, ezosetshenziswa ekutshaleni ama-strawberries emhlabathini. Isiqukathi sivaliwe ngesembozo futhi sigcinwe endaweni efudumele kuze kufike imbewu.
3. Ukuzikhandla. Ngaphambi kokudlulisela imbewu ezimbizeni zezithombo, ubukhulu babo buqiniswa ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kabili ngosuku, iziqukathi zifakwe esiqandisini amahora angu-2-3 ukuvimbela ukufa kwazo ngesikhathi sokuqhwaza kuqala.

Umhlabathi wokutshala ama-strawberries

Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zeberry akuthinteki kuphela ngamanyolo, kodwa futhi ngomhlabathi. Abalimi abaningi abakwazi ukutshala ama-strawberries bayaqiniseka ukuthi izinhlobo zabo azikwazi ukubekezelela izidakamizwa ze-calcium - i-carbonates. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zensimu lapho utamatisi, isiBulgaria nesophisi eshisayo noma amazambane akhula ngonyaka odlule. Khetha inhlabathi efanele izosiza imithetho elandelayo:

1. Ukuncipha okuncane okungaphansi kwezibumba zobumba. Amafomu okugaya amaqabunga aminyene enhlabathini, evimbela ukungena kwe-oxygen nezakhi ezimpandeni. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni isabhekisela ku-loamy, ihlanganiswe nomfula noma isihlabathi sasolwandle ngokwesilinganiso se-3: 1.
2. Izinga elikhulu lokuhlangana komhlabathi. Ukutshala ama-strawberries kufanele kubalwe ubude bezinsimu okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ukujula komgodi wokufika, ngokucabangela ukuchelela nokusizwa komhlaba, kungaba okungenani 45-50 cm.
3. Ukubika nge-ratio yenhlabathi kuya kumanus. Igcina umswakama emhlabathini ezinsukwini ezinomthunzi, ngakho izinga le-humus lika-3-5% lingenani eliphansi kakhulu lokumba izihlahla emhlabathini.

Ibanga phakathi kwama-strawberry ngesikhathi sokufika

Kunezinhlelo ezi-4 zokubeka amahlathi endaweni yangaphansi komhlaba: ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lixhomeke ekukhethweni kwesikimu. Ukutshala okulungile kwe-strawberries kuhlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Izihlahla ezimile ngokwahlukana. Izinhlobo ezinokukhula okunamandla ziye zasakazeka kakhulu izimpande nama-mustaches amade. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azihambisani, amadevu asuswe njalo, futhi phakathi kwehlathi, ibanga lika 50-60 cm liyabonakala.
2. Imigqa emgwaqweni. Indawo yensimu ifakwe, amahlumela atshalwa emigqeni efana namaphesenti ama-15-20 cm. Ukuze kube lula ukuchelela nokuvuna, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kusethelwe ku-40-50 cm.
3. Ukutshala izimpahla ze-strawberries. Izinhlobo ezincane zokukhula ezikhulayo zikhula endaweni yombhede, zakha umgodla ngamasotta ahlangene. Izimila zitshalwe ngokuqinile ukuthi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awo aphezulu i-microclimate isakhiwe, ewusizo ezindaweni ezisezimvula.
4. Ukuqothulwa kwe-Nesting. Phakathi nensimu eyisiyingi yesikhathi esizayo watshala isihlahla esisodwa, okuzungeze khona okutshalwe ezinye eziyisithupha. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-5-6 cm, phakathi kwamapulangwe angomakhelwane - 40 cm.

Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry emva kokutshala?

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokugcina umkhiqizo wombhede yizinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwalo. Kumele kube khona okungasondelene no-1 m ebusweni bomhlabathi. Ukuphakama izinga, kancane kancane imibhede iyanisela, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukunisela emva kokutshala ama-strawberries kufanele ucabangele izici zesitshalo:

1. Uhlelo lwempande lwezitshalo zeberry ngokuvamile lusebenza kuphela uma amanzi atholakele lonke ubude bomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuchelela ingxenye eyodwa kuphela noma ukuthembela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
2. Umswakama uphumelela emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuqala kwosuku - ukuchelela kumele kwenzeke emahoreni ekuseni.
3. Ukutshala ama-strawberry akubekezeli ukuchelela nge-jet eqondisayo noma ngokufafaza. Ukucindezela kwamanzi aphakeme kunciphisa izimpande, ngakho-ke kusukela ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwalawa maqabunga naphambi kwe-fruiting, sebenzisa i-nozzle-sprayer.

Umanyolo we-strawberries ngesikhathi sokutshala

Ngaphandle kwamajikijolo akhethekile (ama-organic noma amakhemikhali) agula noma akhula kakhulu. Ukuze ulwe nomhlabathi futhi ulahle iziphambeko, kuhlanganiswa ukuxuba okusetshenziselwa kathathu sonke isikhathi: emva kokufakelwa kabusha noma ukuvela amaqabunga, lapho izimbali ziveza izithelo. Uhlobo olunjani lomanyolo wokutshala ama-strawberries alungasetshenziswa, kufanele lufake:

• umquba ;
• i-humus;
• urea ;
• superphosphate ;
• umlotha;
• usawoti we-potassium.

Izinsuku zokutshala ama-Strawberry

Njengazo zonke izitshalo zensimu, i-strawberry inesikhathi esanele sokudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwayo ukuthi ngeke ife. Isici esichazayo lapha yizimo zezulu: izithombo akufanele zibhekane namaqhwa noma inkathi yemvula. Izinsuku zokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo zihlukile kusukela ekwindla, ngoba zihloswe ekufezeni imiphumela ehlukene:

1. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, iberry elihlahleni eningizimu lihlwanyelwe emibhedeni, ngakho-ke ama-mustaches nama rosette avela kuwo. Ngokutshala sekupheleni, ukuvuna kuzoncishiswa yi-factor of 1.5-2. Ebandleni eliphakathi, lokhu kukhwabanisa kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Mashi 15 kuya ku-Ephreli 1.
2. Ekwindla, sitshala izihlahla ezincane ezibuthakathaka, okungukuthi onyakeni wokuqala angeke zisinde ekushiseni kwehlobo. Ukudluliselwa emhlabathini kwenziwa kusukela ngoJulayi 25 kuya kuSeptemba 15.

Indlela yokutshala sitrobheli entwasahlobo?

Ekuseni kwehlobo, ingozi enkulu yamajikijolo yi-wheatgrass nenye ukhula, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kwama-strawberries entwasahlobo, i-ridge igcwele kahle futhi izimpande zenye izitshalo zisuswe. Izenzo ezengeziwe ziyi:

1. Ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi. Ukuchelela ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-limestone.
2. Ukuze kudluliselwe emhlabathini, imifula yamahlumela noma amahlathi asetshenziswayo, isisindo sokuqina okungenani okungama-6 mm.
3. Ukutshala ama-strawberry kuyenziwa ngemuva kokuthi ulele emoyeni ovulekile emthunzini izinsuku ezingu-2-3.
4. Izithombo zitshalwe emigodini eyomile, ezansi lapho kufanele kube khona umlotha. Ngokucindezela umhlaba emva kokumba ngezandla zakho, amahlumela kufanele athululelwe kakhulu.

Indlela yokutshala sitrobheli ekwindla?

Abaqalayo kufanele baphathe amahlumela ekwindla, hhayi entwasahlobo. Khona-ke ithuba lokuhlwanyela phansi nokufa kwesitshalo linyamalale. Ukuze uqonde indlela yokutshala kahle ama-strawberry emva kokuvuna, kufanele ulandele imithetho eminingana:

1. Ukukhetha indawo evulekile yenhlabathi evutha ilanga phezu kwehlobo. Kulesi simo, inhlabathi izophola kancane kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Isikhathi sokutshala sinqunywe ngokuzimela - okungenani inyanga eyodwa kumele ihlale kuze kube seqhwa.
3. Umhlabathi awukhipha i-disinfected kusuka kwi-strawberry nematodes ngamanzi nge-addition of ammonia.
4. Umhlaba, udutshulwe emigodini, uxubene nomquba endaweni engama-6: 1 bese uyibuyisela emigodini ngemuva kokuba ifakwe emhlathini.
5. Ekwindla, ukutshala ama-strawberries nama-mustaches kuthanda kakhulu. I-rosette eneziqu ezinde ifakwe emabhodwe ekupheleni kukaJune amasonto amabili. Lapho i-rosette ikhula, ifakwe kabusha ngokuvumelana nesimiso esivamile.
6. Izitshalo zihlanganiswa nezinto zokufudumala - ifilimu enzima.

Izindlela zokutshala ama-strawberries

Kunezinketho eziningi kakhulu zokuhlakulela le berry ukuthi akudingekile ukuba nezindawo ezinkulu ukuze isivuno sivunwe. Nquma ukuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-strawberry, ngokusekelwe ezifisweni noma amathuba okulima. Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu:

• ukufika endaweni evulekile;
• ukulima okumile;
• ukutshala ama-strawberries esihlokweni sokumboza;
• ukufika emipayipi.

Uhlelo lokutshala ama-strawberries endaweni evulekile

Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi ubhiya awuzithobeki ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, ibekezelela inhlabathi enhle ngokubaluleka kwe-peat noma i-sandstone. Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-strawberries endaweni evulekile kuthatha ukulandelana kwezigaba:

• inhlabathi yokukhipha imfucuza;
• ukumba amahlumela avela emabhokisini e-peat kanye ne-earthen;
• ukucwaba izihlahla ezinentamo enkulu emmpandeni;
• Ukudalwa kwegwala ngokugcina ibanga endleleni ekhethiwe yokufika.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries ngaphansi kwefilimu

Ukulima ngaphansi kwefilimu kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe amajikijolo inyanga ngaphambi kosuku olufanele. Njengokutshala sitrobheli ngaphansi kwefilimu, ingafakwa ngaphansi kwe-agrofiber. Zombili izindlela zakha i-microclimate ekhethekile embhedeni, ivikelwe ezinambuzane kanye nomswakama owedlulele. I-Agrotechnics kuleli cala isebenza okulandelayo:

• Ukulungiselela imibhede nge-convex inqwaba phezulu;
• indawo yokuhlala noma ifilimu noma indwangu ekhethekile emva kokunisela;
• ukulungiselela ama-slits kwento yokumboza ngomese, ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukutshala ama-strawberries ngaphansi kwe-agrofiber;
• ukutshala izithombo emagcekeni;
• ukuphuza nokukhulisa ukusika njengoba kudingeka.

Ukutshala ama-strawberry emipayipi

Izitshalo zamajikijolo emipayipi zingafakwa kokubili ngokuzenzekelayo nangokwemvelo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukutshala izithombo ze-strawberries emipayipi ngokulinganayo kuthatha isikhala esengeziwe endaweni yonke yesayithi. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokubekwa kwepayipi, lwenziwa ngokulandela i-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Amapayipi ensimbi encane, epulasitiki noma e-PVC anqunywa ubude obuhle.
2. E-tube ngayinye, izimbobo ziboshwe noma ziboshwe nge-ububanzi okungenani u-8-10 cm.
3. Umhlabathi ukhululiwe futhi wangcwatshwa emipayipi kanye nomanyolo, ngoba esikhathini esizayo ngeke usebenze ngokulinganayo ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo.
4. Emipayipi, balungisa ama-plugs bese bewalungisa ngobumba obwandisiwe.
5. Ama-strawberries atshalwe emigodini ngaphandle kokujula intamo impande kakhulu emhlabathini. Izimbobo zakhe zenza ngeminwe yazo.

Ukutshala okuqondile kwama-strawberries

Emasimini e-compact ayikho indawo ye-ridge enkulu yokulima ama-strawberries, kodwa lokhu ngeke kube yisithiyo kumuntu osensimini ohlakaniphile. Kulula ukufunda indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-strawberry - kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokwenza lokhu:

1. I-chain-pyramid eqondile evela ezigayini zamaritha ahlukene, amathayi noma esifubeni. Ukufika kwe-Multilevel kungenziwa kusuka efenitheni endala ngamabhokisi, ukwakha imfucuza yemoto noma inhlanganisela yezimbiza ezimbalwa. Emabhokisini wefenisha noma emigodini yamathayi, inhlabathi ingcwatshwe, lapho izitshalo zitshalwe khona.
2. Umklamo we-cylindrical wensimbi noma umshini. I "pipe" enezinga eliphakeme lika-1.5-2 m liphonswa emgodini futhi ligcwele inhlabathi efanelekile. Izihlahla ze-strawberry zitshalwe emigodini: ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuzobe ukuchelela nokunciphisa amadevu. Ukufaka umanyolo kuphela umquba omanzi kufanelekile.

Ukutshala ama-strawberry nembewu

Nakuba indlela yokuqondisa ngokuqondile emhlabathini ingabhekwa njengeyithandwayo, inabalandeli bayo. Ezindaweni ezimanzi nezifudumele abalimi abaningi bacabangela ukukhula kwezithombo njengendlela yokuchitha isikhathi, ngoba akudingeki ukuba lukhuni futhi luhlaziye amagciwane emhlabathini. Le ndlela ayigodli ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yenhlabathi: ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-strawberries noma imbewu, imibhede ifafazwe nge-substrate noma i-humus evulekile. Phakathi kweminye imithetho yokuhlwanyela indlela eqondile ibonisa:

1. Khetha isikhathi sokutshala. Uma imbande ivela emabhodwe efulethini noma emgodini okhanyisiwe, inhlabathi evulekile inqanda imbewu yelungelo lokuthola ukushisa phakathi nesigaba sokukhula esisebenzayo. Isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwabo emhlabeni sisuka kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli, lapho ingozi yamaqhwa iyancipha ibe yi-zero
2. Ukunciphisa. Ukuze uvikele ngokumelene nezinguquko ekushiseni kanye nezinambuzane zokuqala, lezi zigwaqo zifafazwa nge-sawdust, izinsalela zezihlahla zakudala noma izinaliti. Ukumboza okuphezulu kwenhlabathi ngokutshala umquba we-strawberries kuzoba kuhle futhi kuzobonga ngeminyango enobungane.
3. Ukususa amashidi ezansi . Uma amaqabunga ama-3-4 avela engxenyeni engenhla yehlumela, abaphansi bayonqamuka ngobumnene ukuze wonke ama-juice afike ekuthuthukiseni kwama-inflorescences amasha.