Ukutshala ama-apula ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo yimithetho ebalulekile abaqalayo okudingeka bazi

Njengoba kusetshenzwa ukushisa, abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo sokutshala izihlahla zama-apula ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo. Lesi yisihlahla esiwusizo kakhulu futhi esivamile. Kodwa-ke, akusibo bonke abathandi, abaqalayo ikakhulukazi, abakwazi ukutshala i-apula ukuze kungene impande, kancane kancane badlulise ukuphathwa kabi futhi ngokushesha baqala ukunikeza isivuno.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-apula entwasahlobo?

Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula kuqala ngokuthenga kwabo. Udinga ukuthenga isihlahla, uvumelane nesifunda esikhethiwe sokuhlala. Ukuthenga i-apula, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, izihlahla zezithelo eziwela impova kanye ne-ovary zidinga ezinye izihlahla noma izinhlobo. Thola izithombo ezingcono zonyaka, ukukhula kwazo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-120-130 cm. Uma uhambisa izimpande, izihlahla kufanele zihanjiswe - kufanele zihlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzi futhi zifihlwe esikhwameni.

Ungatshala nini izihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo?

I-plus yokutshala i-apula ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kwakuwukuthi izihlahla zase zihlanganisiwe kakade futhi zibekezelele ngokuzethemba ubusika ekubhekaneni nobusika obunzima. Inqubo iqala lapho ikholomu ye-thermometer lihlala lizinzile ngaphezu kwe-0 ° C, umhlaba ususwe emakhazeni futhi ushubile, ukuze ubambe izinso. Isikhathi sokutshala izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo:

1. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zokuqala kokutshala phakathi no-Ephreli.
2. Emgwaqeni ophakathi, isikhathi esifanele sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
3. Enyakatho, kunconywa ukuthi uphume izihlahla ze-apula kungekuqaleni kuka-May.

Lapho ukutshala ama-apula kusayithi?

Indawo yokutshala i-apula-miti kufanele ikhethwe ngokuphumelelayo:

1. Izitshalo ezide zixazululwe zingasondeli ku-3m ukusuka emngceleni wensimu engadini, engaphansi - ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2 m.
2. Ukujula kokuhamba kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele kube okungenani u-1-1.5 m.
3. Uma utshala izihlahla eziningi ze-apula, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe okungenani 4 m.

Kunconywa ukuthi uphume izihlahla ze-apula ezindaweni lapho izihlahla zezithelo zingazange zikhule khona ngaphambili. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zokudala, lesi sakhiwo sitshalwe iminyaka engu-1-2 ngemifino noma emadlelweni, bese kutshalwa ipulazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi yonke izodingeka ithathelwe indawo emigodini yokutshala ezindaweni zokuhlala izithombo. Lo muthi uthanda inhlabathi e-loamy. Ngakho-ke, uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ilula, kufanele ihlanjululwe nge-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula, uma i-sandy - peat ne-humus.

Indlela yokunciphisa izithombo zika-apula lapho utshala?

Ngisho nokubhoboza ngokucophelela okuvela emanzini, ingxenye yezimpande iphuka, ephazamisa ibhalansi phakathi kwesimiso sempande kanye nengxenye yomhlabathi yesitshalo. Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ngenkathi kutshalwa entwasahlobo kwenziwa ukwenza umqhele. Izithombo ezineminyaka elilodwa ezifanelekile zinqunywe ukuphakama kwamapulangwe angu-90-110 ukusuka emhlabathini, ngenkathi zikhonjiwe, zinciphisa yi-1/3 zonke amahlumela.

Indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-apula?

Uma umuthi ususelwe, kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho yokutshala i-apula - ukulungisa umgodi wesayizi ofanele, ukutshala inhlabathi, ukulungisa ihlumela, bese uyayinakekela kahle. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, izimpande zenkambiso kufanele zifakwe ngokukhululekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungabamba umuthi we-apula ebhakedeni lamanzi amahora angu-24. Ngakho uhlelo lwempande luzogcwala umswakama, oluzolivikela ekumeni.

Ungayilungisa kanjani umgodi wokutshala umuthi we-apula entwasahlobo?

Ukutshala okunamandla kwama-apple ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kwenziwa emgodini otholiwe kusengaphambili. Kufanele ilungiswe izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphambi kwenqubo. Imingcele elandelayo kufanele ibonwe kahle:

1. Amamitha aphezulu (2 m) - ububanzi buka 100-110 cm, ukujula - 70 cm;
2. Ngaphakathi (1.2 m - 2 m) - ububanzi buka-100 cm, ukujula - 60 cm;
3. Ngokweqile (kufika ku-1.2 m) - ububanzi buka-90 cm, ukujula - 50 cm.

Ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo:

1. Ukumba umgodi ngaphansi kwesithombo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa inhlabathi - ungqimba ophezulu (kufika ku-30 ​​cm, ngaphezulu kakhulu) - ukuhlukanisa, kuzosetshenziswa ukutshala.
2. Umgodi ovuliwe kumele ukhululeke ngefosholo, ugcwalise phansi ngezitini eziphukile, tile, igobolondo le-walnut. Uhlaka olunjalo luyoba umsele ophelele womswakama owedlulele.
3. Ukulungele ngale ndlela umgodi we-2/3 ulala ngendwangu kusuka esitokisini esibekiwe esixutshwe nama-fertilizer.

Kanjani kahle ukutshala izithombo ze-apula?

Emgodini olungiselelwe ukutshala okulungile kwezithombo ze-apula kwenziwa:

1. Isikhonkwane siqhutshwa emgodini - lokhu kuyisekelo lekusasa lembewu.
2. Umuthi ubeka phakathi kwesikhulumi, izimpande zisakazwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi zimboze ngenhlabathi enamandla kakhulu, ngokuyisigameko, ukuyiqeda ngokucophelela.
3. Ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ezitshalweni zentwasahlobo kwenziwa ukuze isayithi lokukhula kwesiqu ngezimpande lihlale liphakeme ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi ngo-4-5 cm.
4. Emaphethelweni emgodi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile kakhulu.
5. Isihlahla se-apula sibheke esigxotsheni, ukusekelwa kufanele kube yi-1.5 m ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba.
6. Isimo sesimo sendawo yokugcina entwasahlobo yincwadzi yokunisela. Izithombo ezincane ziswakanyiswe kakhulu ngamanzi kuze kube yilapho umhlaba unqamulela ukuncika umswakama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza imbobo embuthaneni ozungeza isiqu. Ukunisela ngokuvamile kuvame 3-4 amabhakede amanzi.
7. Ngemuva kokuba umuthi kufanele uhlanganiswe nesendlalelo se-3-6 cm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-peat, humus, utshani. I-mulch ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-crust surface, iyakuthanda ukulondoloza umswakama kanye nokuhamba kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni.

Izitshalo ekutshalweni kwezihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo

Uma uhlwanyela izihlahla zama-apula anezintambo, umgodi kufanele unikezwe ngxube lokudla. Ngalokhu, ungqimba oluphezulu luxubene nama-organic fertilizer (1-2 amabhakede) kanye namaminerali (200-300 g superphosphate , 40-60 g potassium chloride noma 300-400 g wezinkuni ash). Le nhlanganisela ihlaselwa phansi emgodini ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo. Ama-nitrogenous emgodini awunalo iqhaza ekugwemeni ukushisa kwezimpande. Ngemva kwesonto, ukuphuza okusha nokufaka umquba wezithombo ze-apula ngemuva kokutshala. Umuthi uphinde uhambisane nomthamo wamanzi obalulekile, wenezela izingxube ezine-azrogen - 35-40 amagremu we- nitroammophoska noma i-ammonium nitrate ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ze-apula ngemuva kokutshala?

Isiko elincane ludinga ukunakekelwa okufanele:

1. Izithombo ze-apula zikhishwa emva kokutshala. Uncishiswe ngumhlahlandlela ophakathi wezinso ezingu-3-4 - lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela asetshenziselwa ukuqhuma. Uma kakade unezinhlamvu zamathambo, khona-ke kudingeka adluliselwe ku-shoot central-kumele abe ngaphansi kwakhe.
2. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ukunakekelwa kwe-apula kuyisiphuzo esiphuthumayo nokuvikelwa kwezilokazane. Amasonto ayisihlanu ama-6-6 amanzi okutshala amanzi ibhakede lamanzi masonto onke. Khona-ke isikhathi senyuka - ama-2-3 amabhakede amanzi emva kwamasonto amabili.
3. Isiyingi sokhuni sigcinwa sikhululekile kokhula, sikhululwe futhi sihambelana nama-humus noma utshani. Lapho umuthi we-apula ungena ngesikhathi sokuhluma, i-mulching ingayeka.
4. Ngo-Meyi, emva kokutshala i-apula-tree inganisela nge-sodium humate - hlaziya 1 tbsp. i-spoonful of the drug in ibhakede lamanzi bese uphefa isitshalo, 2 amalitha enhlanganisela azoshiya esihlahleni esisodwa.
5. Ukuze ungafihli umuthi omncane nge-chemistry, ungahlela abanikazi bezinyoni kuwo - bayobhubhisa izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi i-apula isencane, ama-parasites angasuswa ngesandla.
6. Ngomuso ozayo, qalisa ukwenza ama-scraps - umqhubi wesikhungo namagatsha omzimba wamfushane afinyelelwe ngu-2/3 ubude, amahlumela omisiwe nesifo esakhula ngaphakathi egatsheni asuswa. Umqhele uhlanganiswa esihlahleni iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, bese kuthiwa kwenziwe ama-cuttings kuphela.
7. Umuthi ovuthiwe uphathwa ngokumelene nezilokazane: i-700 g ye-urea ichitheka ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi bese kunisela umqhele. Ungasebenzisa isixazululo se-3% sethusi noma i-vitriol yensimbi. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo kuze kufike izinso. Ngemuva kwezimbali, umuthi uphuziswa ngesisombululo se-10% seCarbophos, i-Aktellik. Ukunisela okwesithathu kwenziwa ekwindla emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga ngesisombululo se-urea se-5%.
8. Izihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe zihanjiswa izikhathi eziningana:

1. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ama-5-6 amabhakede ama-humus ahlakazekile eceleni kombuthano.
2. Ngaphambi kwezimbali: 800 g we potassium sulfate, i-1 kg ye-superphosphate, ibhodlela elilodwa le-Effeton lithelelwa emgqonyeni wama-200 amalitha. Ukumnika umfutho kushicilela isonto, ukusetshenziswa - ama-40 amalitha ngomuthi ngamunye.
3. Lapho izithelo zithelelwa ngamalitha angama-200 emgqonyeni wamanzi, i-200 g ye-sodium humate, i-1 kg ye-nitrofoss ihlanjululwa. Isixazululo sihambisana nomgqomo oswakanyisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kunamabhakede amathathu esihlahleni ngasinye.
4. Ekuwa, 300 g we-superphosphate ingathululelwa ngaphansi kwesiqu.

Ngonyaka onjani umuthi we-apula uthela izithelo ngemuva kokutshala?

Abalimi abaqalayo banesithakazelo embuzweni - emva kweminyaka embalwa umuthi we-apula uthela izithelo ngemuva kokutshala. Lena isiko lamapomegranati, ngokwesilinganiso, okufanelekile ukulinda isivuno kuphela eminyakeni emihlanu emva kokuqothulwa kwesithombo seminyaka eyodwa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinokutshala okusheshayo okukhulu - iminyaka engu-3-4 inika imiphumela ye-Welsey noma i-Lobo, i-subspecies encane futhi iyajabulisa ngokuthela okusheshayo okukhulu. Uma utshala isithombo seminyaka engu-2-3 ensimini, bese emva kweminyaka engu-2-3 usuvele uzama ama-apula kuwo. Ukuvuna okumile okusheshayo kunomusa ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezomile nezishisayo, kanti isimo sezulu sezulu siyancipha.