Ukuze kunqume ukuba khona kwegciwane emzimbeni womuntu, izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene ze-laboratory zenziwa, ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi elimnyama. Imiphumela yocwaningo olunjalo iyaziwa ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, kodwa kunezindlela ezisheshayo zokuthola ukutheleleka.
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-HIV noma i-AIDS
Izivivinyo zokuveza zenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwegazi emunwe bese uvumela umphumela ukuthi utholakale kungakapheli amaminithi angu-30 ngemuva kokukhipha uketshezi. Ukwethembeka kokuhlolwa kwe-HIV okusheshayo kufana nalokho okuhlolwayo okujwayelekile kwebhola. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziywa akubonakali igciwane ngokwayo emzimbeni wegazi, kodwa ukutholakala kwama-antibodies ekutheleleni. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola imiphumela enembile kunazo zonke kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ekulebeni kwegazi kumele kube okungenani amasonto ayi-10.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV nge-saliva
Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile ziphatheka futhi zingasetshenziswa ekhaya. Zenzelwe ukukhomba isifo sengculaza somuntu 1 kanye no-2. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okunjalo ithembeke kakhulu - ngo-99.8%.
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwendlala kuhlanganisa:
- Imiyalo.
- Umhloli ngefosholo (yezinto ezithathwayo) kanye namamaki amabili: C no-T.
- Iqukathi elinomxube we-buffer.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okusheshayo - imfundo:
- i-scapula ku-tester kufanele isetshenziswe ezinhlangothini zangaphandle zezinsini ezingenhla nangaphansi;
- qinisekisa ukuthi isibonakaliso ku-C uphawu sibumnyama, okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kusebenza.
Imiphumela:
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV akubi uma i-band ibonakala kuphela ku-C-uphawu. Ngakho-ke, ematheni ayikho i-T-lymphocytes nama-antibodies egazini.
Ukuhlola okunamandla kwe-HIV uma izinkomba zombili zomaki (C no-T) zifiphile. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ama-antibodies ukutheleleka akhona ematheni. Kulesi simo, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha isikhungo sezokwelapha esikhethekile sokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-laboratory nokwesekwa.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza
Ama-antibodies e-HIV kubantu abaningi akhiqizwa ngobuningi bokubathola kuphela amasonto 10-12 emva kokutheleleka. Kodwa i-RNA yegciwane ikhona kuma-plasma amangqamuzana egazi kuphela ngesonto emva kokutheleleka, ngakho-ke ukuhlola okusha, okwesine kwesizukulwane kusetshenziswa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa okukodwa kwe-antigens amabili nokutholakala okufanayo kwe-p24 capsid antigen. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunjalo okwenziwe ngama-antibodies kukuvumela ukuba unqume ukuthi isifo se-HIV esikhathini esifushane emva kokutheleleka futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu.
Imiphumela yokuhlola engenzeka
Phakathi kwemiphumela emihle futhi engalungile yemiphumela yokuhlaziywa, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa isigaba samanga amanga noma angabazayo. Izimo ezinjalo ziphakama uma kwenzeka iphutha ekufundweni kwelabhutriki, noma emzimbeni womuntu, amasosha omzimba womthombo othile, ofanayo namagciwane okulwa ne-HIV, akhiqizwa. Kukhona nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho amasosha omzimba engakaze aphendule ekusungulweni kwegciwane ngokufanele, futhi ukuhlushwa kwamagciwane okuncane kuncane kakhulu okumele kunqunywe.
Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza elihle kungumphumela wokumemezela okungalungile kwezinhlobo ezithile zama-protein ngehlelo lokuhlola. Ngezifo ezithile ezivuthayo nezikhukhulayo, kanye nokukhulelwa, umzimba ungaveza amaprotheni afana kakhulu namagciwane okulwa ne-HIV. Ukucacisa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuqinisekisa kufanele zenziwe ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.
Ukuhlolwa okungalungile kwamanga nge-HIV -antibodies ku-virus akufinyelelanga ukuhlushwa lapho isimiso sokuhlola siphendula khona. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kuthathwe esikhathini esibizwa ngewindi window, okungukuthi, kwakungekho isikhathi esanele kusukela esikhathini sokutheleleka.