Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi umhlengikazi uyiphatha kanjani, emnikeza amandla okuqonda izinkinga zesifo somzimba. Ukukhethekile kwalesi dokotela kuncane - unesithakazelo kuphela ekutadisheni umsebenzi wezinso. Ikhono layo lihlanganisa ukuvimbela nokuqedwa kwephulwa.
I-Nephrology - iyini?
Isigaba sokwelashwa senzelwe ukutadisha umsebenzi wezinso nezifo ezingenzeka. Ukuze ufunde ngalokho okuthakazelisayo ku-nephrology, yimuphi lo mqondo okushoyo, usanda kuba yamuva. Lokhu kuchazwa yintsha yesigaba sezokwelashwa - ayineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 ubudala. Namuhla wenza ukuxilongwa, ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo zezokwelapha.
I-nephrologist - lokho akuphilisa?
Emkhakheni wezithakazelo zikadokotela izifo zendalo ehlukile, ezavela ngenxa yezifo, ukushisa nokushisa. I-nephrologist yenza izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- amyloidosis - ukusebenzisana kwamaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate ahlulekile;
- izinguquko zesifo sengqondo ngaphansi kwethonya lemithi ende;
- izinso zezinso;
- i-pyelonephritis - ukunqotshwa kwemvelo yebhaktheriya;
- i-hemolytic anemia ;
- izinkinga ezithathelwanayo ze-urinary tract;
- i-glomerulonephritis .
Yini i-nephrologist eyenza abantu abadala?
Izinkinga zihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela yi-agent ye-causative, ubudala bomuntu uba yisici esibalulekile. I-nephrologist omdala ibhekene nalokhu:
- ukwakheka kwamatshe;
- isifo sikashukela se-nephrogenic semvelaphi ehlukile;
- izilonda ezinamanzi ezincane;
- i-pielitom;
- izinso ezinamafutha;
- i-polycystic;
- i-nephrogenic anemia;
- isifo sofuba.
Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zidinga ukubuka omunye udokotela ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqeda ukwelapha. Uma lesi sifo singathintani nalokho okushiwo isazi sezinzwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo sizocelwa ukungenela okuhlinzekwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akufanele kubambezeleke ngokukhonjwa kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezibonisa ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukutholakala kwawo kokuqala kungavimbela isidingo sokuhlinzwa.
I-nephrologist - yikuphi ukuphatha ezinganeni?
Ukuhlukumeza emsebenzini walesisitho kwengane kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungaphelele komzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukunakwa kuyadingeka kunoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa okukhuluma ngokunganaki kwesistimu ye-urinary. I-nephrologist yezingane kufanele enze ukuhlolwa uma igazi litholakala emcinini, ngoba lokhu kungabonisa ukuhlaselwa kwezinso zezinso. Nakhu okushiwo isazi sezinzwa ezigulini ezincane:
- i-tubulapathy;
- i-pyelonephritis;
- i-nephropathy;
- i-vasculitis;
- i-dysplasia;
- ukungajwayelekile kwe-urinary tract;
- i-nephritis.
Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nomfelandazi wezinkanyezi?
Ukuthi umzimba awuhambisani nemisebenzi yawo, ungasho amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukuntuleka komkhiqizo;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu - ukulinganisa noma ngakolunye uhlangothi;
- ukuvuthwa ngokweqile;
- i-renal colic;
- amaprotheni noma igazi emcimbini;
- ukuvuvukala okuthinta umzimba.
Kwezinye izimo, isazi sezinzwa ze-urologist kufanele sihlolisise, uma kungekho sibonakaliso esicacile salokhu, kodwa kukhona izifo ezihambisanayo. Ngokuvamile kuba umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kungakhiwa ngokumelene nengemuva kwezinqubo ezifihlekile ezenzeka ezintsheni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma kutholakala ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi, udokotela kufanele ahlolwe ukuze agweme ukungajwayelekile kwesigungu.
Ingane kufanele iboniswe kumchwepheshe kumacala alandelayo:
- ukutholakala kwegazi noma i-mucus emcinini;
- ukukhala ngenkathi kuchama;
- ukukhukhumeza, ngisho noma kungukuvuvukala kwamehlo;
- umbala, obala noma iphunga lomchamo ushintshile;
- ukukhululwa komchamo kwehlile kuya kwesithathu kwevolumu evamile;
- ukuvuthwa ebusuku ebusuku ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4;
- ukubomvu okuqhubekayo kwezitho zangasese zangaphandle.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-nephrologist
I-Diagnostics ihlukaniswe yaba:
- ingxoxo;
- ukuhlolwa;
- ihlaziya;
- i-instrumental examination.
Ukwamukelwa kwe-nephrologist kugcwaliswe ngokuqokwa kokwelashwa, okungawela kwesinye sezigaba ezimbili:
- i-nephroprotective - ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yezinso ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kohlobo lwesifo;
- okuqondile - ukuqeda inkinga ethize.
Ukuhlolwa kuka-nephrologist kanjani?
Okokuqala udokotela wenza ucwaningo, bese kuhlolwa izivivinyo kanye nokuhlolwa. Nakhu okuhlolwa yi-nephrologist phakathi kwengxoxo:
- Heredity - ukutholakala kwezifo zalesi simiso esihlotsheni esiseduze.
- Ukudakwa yiyona ndawo kanye nemvelo yomsebenzi.
- Indlela yokuphila.
- Isisindo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa nesikhathi - amangqamuzana ezinso adalwe ezinyangeni zokugcina zokubeletha.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezithathwa yizinkanyezi?
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle nokukhulumisana nesiguli, udokotela uzozinikela ngokunikela ngegazi ukuze afunde izinkomba eziningana. Ukuhlaziya kusuka kwesazi sezinkanyezi kuhlola:
- i-phosphates;
- Iprotheyini esebenzayo e-C;
- i-creatinine;
- urea;
- isilinganiso se-sedimentation yama-erythrocyte;
- i-calcium;
- ukwakheka kwe-electrolytic komchamo negazi.
Ukubonisana kwe-nephrologist
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yezivivinyo, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa futhi umuthi wokwelapha ulungiselelwe. Uma ulwazi olutholiwe lunganele, khona-ke ukubonisana ne-nephrologist kungaqhubeka nokuqokwa kwezivivinyo ezengeziwe.
- I-Ultrasound. Kubonisa amathuna wezinso zezinso.
- CT. Kudingeka ukunquma izilonda eziphilayo.
- I-Biopsy. Kuthathwa ukuhlolwa kwe-histological.
- I-Angiography (i-X-ray). Ithola izilonda zamathambo we-renal nemithambo yegazi.
- Ukudweba (ukufakwa komthamo omncane wezinto ezinomsakazo). Ukuphumelela ekutholeni izinyathelo zokuqala ze-neoplasm.
- I-arteriography ekhethiwe. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa isimo sezimpahla.
Ngaphambi kokwenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe.
- Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokuvakasha.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukudla.
- Ngosuku udinga ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ketshezi okungenani.
- Kunconywa ukugwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa uma kungabalulekile. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukumisa esikoleni, udinga ukukwazisa udokotela ngakho ukuze acabangele imiphumela yezidakamizwa emphumela wesifundo.
Amathiphu we-nephrologist
Lapho kukhona izifo ezinjalo kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zesazi se-nephrologist ukuvimbela intuthuko yabo noma ukufezekisa ukwelashwa okuphelele. Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha lokhu okuncane, ngoba ukufakelwa kwesitho kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukufaka esikhundleni se-dialysis kubeka imingcele eminingi. Kungcono ukuthi ungadingi ulwazi, oluphathwa yi-nephrologist yezazi, kodwa ukufeza lokhu akulula. Kubalulekile ukunamathela endleleni yokuphila esiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlushwa kwe-uric acid, ukuchithwa kwayo kanye nokwenyuka.
Izincomo zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukwenqaba izitsha okuthosiwe, imikhiqizo ebhemayo, amaswidi, izinhlanzi ezinosawoti, ukudla okunezicucu, ama-broths emathanjeni nasezinsini zesobho. Esikhundleni salokho, kuhlongozwa ukuba udle okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okolweni, izithelo ezintsha nemifino, nokuphuza amajusi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbal decoctions, amakhabe, okungenani ama-1.5-2 amalitha amanzi ahlanzekile ngosuku.
- Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe, ukuhamba emoyeni omusha.
- Uma kunezinkinga ngokuphuma kwamanzi, i-edema inconywa ukunciphisa ukungenisa usawoti, okubangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngeke ukwazi ukuyiyeka ngokuphelele, ukuphulwa okuqinile kokulinganisela kwe-electrolytic kuzoholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu nakakhulu.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma ukuphika ngokuphelele.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-hypothermia, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esilungile.