Ukuzifunela kwamanye amazwe, isithelo esiyingqayizivele se-papaya ekudleni kwethu kuvela maduzane, kodwa ngokuqinile sathola isihawu, njengoba iqukethe inqwaba yezinto zokulandelela namavithamini. Itholakale kulesisindo se-papaya-ekubhubhiseni i-lipid eshisa amafutha, siphuthumisa ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate.
Incazelo ye-Papaya
Ngaphandle, umuthi we-papaya ubonakala njengomuthi wesundu womkhukhunathi, ufinyelela kumamitha angu-6-8 ukuphakama, umkhiqizo ovela emaqabunga uvela engxenyeni engenhla, izimbali zivela emaxeni abo, bese kuthiwa izithelo zivela kubo. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zezithelo ze-papaya ziningi, i-pulp yama-orange ikhuluma ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-beta-carotene kuyo. Ngokuphathelene nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, i-papaya ihlanganisa cishe isigamu setafula likaMendeleyev, izithelo zinamavithamini amaningi, i-flavonoids, i-magnesium, i-potassium, insimbi, i-pantothenic acid, amaprotheni, i-fiber.
Isithelo se-papaya sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okungcono, ukuqeda ubuhlungu obuvela ekushiseni nokulunywa kwezinambuzane. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise lesi sithelo esishisayo kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-asthma ye-bronchial, i-peptic ulcer. Izitshalo ezenziwe kusukela ebusweni zisiza isibindi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele, kuzinzile ushukela egazini. Ngosizo lwenyama elukhuni uhlanza isisu, unciphisa isisu esiswini, esiwusizo kakhulu ku-gastritis, i-hernia nokuphuza. Lesi sithelo siwumthombo wamandla namandla.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-papaya ekhaya?
Abathandi be-exotics bakhula ama-papayas ekhaya, basebenzisa lokhu njengekamelo, nebhokisi, i-greenhouse, ingadi yasebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amathambo akhishwe esithelweni esivuthiwe noma uthenge izicuttings, futhi ngezinyathelo ezithile ze-agrotechnical kungenzeka ukuba ukhule umuthi oye wahlakulela, ukhula kulo nyaka wesibili futhi unike isivuno sokuqala, izithelo ekhaya zingabi nobukhulu obufinyelela ku-2 kg. Izimo ezidalwe i-papaya kumele zisondele ezishisayo.
Ukuze ucabange ukuthi isithelo sepapaya sibonakala kanjani, khumbula ikhabe. Lezi zithelo zifana nokubukeka, ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, i-orange-yellow yangaphakathi, i-pulp enomsoco nesikhumba esinyene, ukuthi igama lesibili le-papaya "lingumuthi we-melon". Izitshalo zomuntu ngamunye zomuthi we-papaya zingafinyelela ku-9 kg, ngokwesilinganiso zilinganiselwa ku-7-8 kg, ubude zikhula zibe yi-30-45 cm, phakathi kwesithelo kukhona imbewu yombala omnyama. Ukuze uthole isitshalo, kufanele ube nezitshalo ezimbili - owesilisa nowesifazane, ukuvotela.
Ukutshala imbewu ye-papaya
Njengoba unqume ukuqala ukwandisa i-papaya ekhaya kusuka emhlathini, thola izithelo ezivuthiwe, lapho ungakhipha khona izimbiza ezincane ezinhlanu kuya kwamakhulu ayisithupha. Uthole imbewu, badinga ukugezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi afudumele, asebenzayo, mahhala kusuka ku-pulp. Bese ukhetha kusuka enqoleni enkulu yezingcezu ezingu-8-10, indawo enhlabathini emanzi noma e-moss, ukumboza nge-plastiki ukugoqa bese ushiya ubusuku bonke, ungasebenzisa i- biostimulators yokukhula .
Imbewu kufanele ifinyelelwe enhlabathini ngo 2-3 cm, ehlanganiswe nefilimu noma ingilazi ebonakalayo phezulu, ukudala i-mini-greenhouse ene-microclimate efudumele, ekhishwa nsuku zonke amahora angu-1-1.5 emini. Izithelo ze-papaya zinamaphesenti angu-100 okuhluma kwezinhlanzi, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-30, zihluma izithombo eyodwa ngayinye zibe iziqukathi ezihlukene, ukukhetha izithombo ezinamandla kakhulu kulokhu.
Khulisa i-papaya emathanjeni ekutshala ekhaya
Ukutshala imbewu ye-papaya phambili ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, ngalesi sikhathi usuku olukhanyayo luyanda, kanti isitshalo siyothola inani elidingekayo lokukhanya kwemini. Ekwindla noma ebusika, ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngenhlanganisela elungiselelwe kusengaphambili wena noma enhlabathini ekhethekile eyenziwe ngomumo, ithangi lokuhlwanyela kufanele libe okungenani u-7-9 cm ububanzi.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho mayelana nombuzo wokuqala abathandi bokukhulisa indlu engavamile: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba bakhulise umuthi wepayipi ekhaya, baphendule kahle, kufanele banikeze okudingekayo kulokhu, kube ne-microclimate ekhululekile futhi benze izinyathelo ezinconywayo ze-agrotechnical. Izithombo zezithelo, njengabameli bamaTropiki, zifudumele futhi zihlambalaza, zidinga ukwelashwa ngokucophelela, ukunakekelwa okuvamile kanye nokufaneleka.
I-Papaya - ukulima
Njengoba ujwayele indlela yokukhulisa i-papaya ekhaya, akulula ukuqonda ukuthi le nqubo ayinzima, kubalulekile kuphela ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zokutshala nokuhlengikaza. Njengoba inikeze umbuso wokushisa endaweni engaba ngu-24-28 ° C ehlobo futhi okungenani + 18-20 ° C ebusika, umoya omanzi, ukuphuza okulinganiselwe kanye nokukhanya okude (usebenzisa imithombo yokukhanyisa yokufakelwa uma kunesidingo), impumelelo ingafinyelelwa futhi uthole ngisho nokuvuna.
Umhlabathi we-papaya
Ukuze kusetshenziswe izithelo ze-papaya ekhaya, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isisekelo esincane esicacile, i-pH yayo ebangeni lama 6-6.5 amayunithi. Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okufunayo, thatha ingxenye eyodwa yenhlabathi evundile, i-peat, isihlabathi, i-deciduous ne-turf humus, noma uthole inhlanganisela yomhlabathi esilungile esitolo. Khetha i-substrate yonke noma i-ficus, uyibeke emanzini okugezela ukuze ususe i-disinfect futhi ungeze isihlabathi se-30% kusukela kumthamo ophelele. Ukugeleza okukhululekile kokuswakama ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokunisela, unikeza isitshalo ngamanzi amaningi .
I-Pot for papaya
Umuthi we-papaya ukhula ngokushesha, udinga ukufakelwa kwezikhathi ngezikhathi ngezimbiza, okwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngevolumu. Izitshalo zokufakelwa ngokuqapha, uma ulimaza ngengozi izimpande, zingaphazamisa ukukhula okulandelayo futhi zize ziholele esihlahleni. Isisombululo esiwusizo kakhulu futhi esilungele ukuhlwanyela imbewu emiphakathini ye-peat, ngemuva kokuba izimpande zivela ezindongeni, i-papaya ingahlwanyelwa ngokuphepha esitsheni esikhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwempande.
Ukuze ukhule i-papaya ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza zempahla yemvelo ngemigodi yamanzi. Izimbiza zikhetha isisindvo esinzima, ukuze isitshalo singagumbuki, sikhulu, kodwa singajulile, ngoba i-papaya inesimiso sempande. Isigamu esiphezulu noma isitshalo samamitha amabili sidinga amandla okungenani amalitha angu-50 ngevolumu.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-papaya ekhaya?
Njengoba unqume ukuzama inhlanhla yakho futhi ukhule ama-papayas ekhaya, unikeze ukunakekelwa okuhambisana nomsuka wayo wesimo sezulu:
- ukufakelwa kabusha. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, isitshalo sidinga ukushintsha izimbiza izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu, bese ukufakelwa kungenziwa kanye ngonyaka;
- ukusetshenziswa komanyolo. Emva kokuphela kwamasonto amabili, emva kokudonsa kokuqala, sebenzisa umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali, kanye kanye ngenyanga;
- ukushisa umbuso. Isitshalo sezitshalo ezishisayo se-thermophilic, ukushisa okuphansi akuvunyelwe;
- umswakama. Izinga lomswakama kufanele libe liphakeme, ukungagcwaliseki kwalesi simo kuzoholela ekusomeni kwamaqabunga nokufa kwesithombo;
- ukukhanyisa. Kungcono ukubeka i-papaya efasiteleni ebheke eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, idinga ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo;
- ukuphuza. Ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele, kodwa umswakama owedlulele nayo uyingozi.
Akunzima ukutshala ama-papayas ekhaya, into eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuqaphela izimo eziningana ezibalwe ngenhla, uzokhula umuthi othuthukile, oqinile futhi onempilo. Izitshalo namaqabunga ezitshalo zidinga ukuphalaza njalo nje ehlobo, kodwa futhi ebusika. Inani elincane lokukhanya, umswakama, i-microclimate efudumele, ngesikhathi esifanele esethula umquba - lolu luhlu oluyinhloko lwemisebenzi enikezela indawo enhle kakhulu yalesi sihlahla esiyingqayizivele.
Indlela yokutshala i-papaya - ukuchelela
Uma unakekela i-papaya, qaphela ngokukhethekile ukuphuza izithelo, ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kuzodala izinkinga eziningi ezingaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Lesi sihlahla sesithelo esiyingqayizivele siphendula ngobuhlungu ukuze siphume ukubola, esibangelwa umswakama obuningi nokugeleza okungenamsoco, ikakhulukazi uma ikhula ngokushisa okungapheli. Ukuze uphuze isitshalo amanzi adingekayo atshisayo ekamelweni lokushisa, ekushiseni - avuselele umqhele, ukuphuza nokupuniza ukusebenzisa amanzi okuma. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4, ngamanani amancane.
Isithelo esingavamile se-papaya - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Imithetho yokukhula nokukhathalela i-papaya ayidingi nje kuphela ukudala izimo ezidingekayo, kepha futhi nokudla njalo, lesi sitshalo siphuthuka ngokushesha, njalo "silambile". Ngenxa yalokhu, izakhiwo ezilinganisiwe zezimila zamaminerali noma izakhi eziphilayo ziyasetshenziswa, futhi isitshalo sokuhluma, inani le-phosphorus ne-potassium izithasiselo landa. Ngonyaka, sebenzisa kabili ngenyanga.
Ngentwasahlobo, isikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo siza, sidinga i-nitrogen, equkethwe i-ammonium nitrate. Ehlobo, sisekela isithelo se-papaya ngosizo lwe-superphosphate eyengeziwe futhi i-nitroammophosco, sebenzisa kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. I-Vermiculite iyigqoko eliphezulu okufanele lisetshenziselwe ukunakekela isitshalo somdala. Umuthi we-papaya ubona kahle izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifuno kanye nokufaka umanyolo.
Isithelo esingavamile samapaya - izifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba esezi ukuthi isithelo sopapa siyini, zingaki izimfanelo eziwusizo eziqukethe, abathandi bezizwe baqala ukuyikhulisa ekhaya. Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi zezithelo ze-papaya kukhona ama-aphid nezinambuzane zesicabucabu. Ukuziqeda kungase kube ngosizo lwe-broths e-anyanisi, i-garlic, i-yarrow, nezinye izinhlobo zemithi yama-insecticidal noma i-aqueous solution ye-actophyte. Ebonakala powdery omhlophe "powdery isikhutha", esivela emangcwabeni, ingasuswa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sulfate noma i-colloidal sulfur.