Imikhiqizo yemifino yomndeni wesambulela, okubandakanya isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ukulima ezindaweni zaseYurophu kubekezelela kahle, yingakho bathandwa kakhulu ngabalimi beloli. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 zaso, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanele ukutshala endaweni yesigodi.
Izinhlobo ze-celery
Ama-ambrellas angaba yi-biennials noma ama-enderennials, kodwa kuphela okuqala okufanele ukulima endaweni epholile. Ukulima nokunakekelwa kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni evulekile kusiza ukuthola amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okungaqedwa esikhathini esingangonyaka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zemifino, phakathi kwazo:
- I-Cornflower. It isetshenziswa, njengoba umthetho, ukulungiswa salads. I-petioles ikhula ibe ngu-4 cm ubukhulu futhi iqukethe amaminerali amaningi namaminithi amaminerali. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwezinhlobonhlobo zalolu hlobo kuncike ukumelana nesithwathwa.
- Umsuka. Lapho ukhula isilimo esidliwayo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziveza izimpande ezinkulu ezinamakha namafutha aphuzi, okukhuliswa ukwelashwa okushisa.
- I-Leafy. Imbewu yayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza isinkwa - isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. I-celery leaf ayinayo izitshalo nezimpande nama-petioles enamafutha.
Ukutshala i-celery
Ukuvuna kulesi siko kungatholakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili. Esikhathini sokuqala, sakha i-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama, ngezinye izikhathi ahlanganiswe ne-petioles - kuye ngezinhlobo ezikhethiwe. Ukutshala nokunakekela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni evulekile yonyaka wesibili kunika amahlumela, okuvela kuwo ama-stem, okuphakama kwawo kufinyelela ku-30-100 cm, futhi ukuhlukanisa ama-inflorescences. Ungakwazi ukukukhulisa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ngokusebenzisa izithombo;
- ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini.
Ukutshala amahlumela esilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
Imbewu, impilo yesheluli engapheli nhlobo ngaphambi konyaka ozayo, ngaphambi kokuhlanzwa ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi ashisayo futhi eboshwe ku-cheesecloth ukuze igcobe izinsuku ezintathu. Emva kokufaka imbewu, udinga ukuyomisa kancane ephepheni futhi ungaqhubeka nokuhluma, okuqukethe izigaba eziningana:
- Ukulungiselela amabhokisi anesimo esivulekile esivela ensimini, exutshwe nesihlabathi noma ama-humus.
- Ukuphuza inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo nge-potassium permanganate izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela: ukukhula kwezilimo ezivundiwe yisiliva kuzobe kuvikelwe ezigulwaneni.
- Ukufudumala kwenhlabathi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokuvuthwa ekujuleni kwamentimitha.
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngezinga elifinyelela ku-5 cm.
- Imbewu ehlwanyela ngendwangu encane kakhulu yomhlaba, ukuze ihlume ngokushesha.
- Ukuhambisa umhlabathi ngamanzi esitokisini, ukuze isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, esakhula ekhaya, singagcwala ifilimu ukudala umphumela we-greenhouse. Amahlumela okuqala ngaphezulu komhlaba kufanele avele ezinsukwini ezinhlanu.
- Ngemuva kweqabunga lokuqala langempela, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi siphoselwa ezimbizeni. Izithombo zifakelwa embhedeni wezwe elivundile esimweni esishisayo esomile ebangeni lokungenani 30 cm komunye nomunye.
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi - imbewu yokutshala emhlabathini
Ukukhula ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile emhlabathini kungasusa kuphela izinhlobo zemifino. Ukukhetha imbewu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ikakhulukazi inquma imiphumela yokugcina - ubukhulu kanye nenani lamaqabunga, ikhwalithi kanye nokuvuthwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha imbewu yokungena ngaphakathi nokuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukuhlakulela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi okuvela kumbewu kulandela isimiso esilandelayo:
- Ukusheshisa ukubukeka kwamahlumela okuqala, baphathwa ngokugqugquzela ukukhula kanye nokuvimbela amagciwane ngokufaka.
- Ngemuva kokuthungatha imbewu ithathwa ukuze isuse ngokushesha izinhlamvu ezincane nezonakalisiwe - awukwazi ukulindela isivuno kubo.
- Ingqimba ephezulu yombhede kufanele ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yokukhanya kwenhlabathi elula, ukuze isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ukulima okubandakanya ukukhulelwa njalo, kungathatha izimpande kuwo. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela yi-peat ephansi, iqabunga lomhlaba, i-humus nesihlabathi.
- Imbewu ifakwa enhlabathini emigqeni kuya ekujuleni kuka-1.5 cm. Ukuhlwanyela sekuphelile, kunconywa ukuthi uthele umhlaba ngamanzi afudumele.
Isikhathi sokutshala ama-celery
Lesi siko semifino yomndeni wesambulela sivuthwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka udlale ngokukhethekile emkhosini wokutshala isikhathi. Ikhiqizwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kucabangela iqiniso lokuthi emva kokufika okungenani ngesonto, isimo sezulu kufanele sihlale sishisa. I-celery yokutshala ekwindla ingenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo yokushisa noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Umlimi wensimu onokuhlangenwe nakho ucebisa ukulalela elinye lamaphuzu:
- Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, uma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esitshalwe ngendlela engeyona imbewu futhi isondela ekupheleni kwenyanga efanayo, ngokuhlwanyela ukutshala ngokusebenzisa izithombo.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ilukhuni ngokuyibeka ku-saucer ngendwangu ebomvu bese uyibeka eshefini elingezansi lesiqandisini.
- Uma izithombo zihanjiswa emhlabathini ovulekile ukusuka ekushiseni okushisa, khona-ke le nqubo ingenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukuphikiswa okubandayo komkhiqizo wemifino kuvumela ukuba idlulise ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lishintshe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izitshalo ezindala ziyakwazi ukugcina ubusika ngokugcwele, ngisho nangaphansi kokungcebeleka okuvikelayo kobukhulu obuncane. Izici ze-celery ezikhulayo zimi kanje:
- imvamisa yokunisela efanele;
- ukondla njalo;
- ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ukunisela isilimo esidliwayo esiphundu
Imifino ye-umbrella ithanda amanzi, ngoba kungenjalo ilawa kakhulu. Ngeke ukwazi ukubekezelela ukubonakala kwe-peel ezintsheni, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kuhilela ukukhululeka njalo, okuwusizo ohlelweni lwempande. Uhlelo lokunisela luhlukahluka kuye ngesiteji sokukhula kwemifino:
- Ngaphambi kokuvela, inhlabathi kufanele ihanjiswe njengoba ungqimba olungenhla loma ngamanzi - olufudumele nolungaphambili.
- Lapho ingxenye engenhla yesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi iqala ukukhula, ithuliswa okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto.
Ukulima kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekuvuneni, kuyadingeka ukuba ufeze zonke izingubo ezimbili eziphezulu. Okokuqala kuqhutshwa ngemuva kokusungulwa kwamahlumela okuqala. Ngokuba kufanelana nemifino ephilayo - i-biod, i- mullein noma i-bird droppings. Ingxube esekelwe utshani obuvuthiwe nayo ifanelekile kule ndima - lokhu kungenye yezimfihlo zokutshala amaqabunga e-celery noma izinhlobo ze-petiolate. Isicelo sesibili sesimanyolo senziwa emva kwamasonto amathathu nesinye sezimila zamaminerali:
- mass phosphoric-potassium;
- ufulawa we-phosphorite;
- superphosphate;
- i-potassium nitrate.
I-Celery - ukunakekelwa
Izidingo eziyinhloko zalesi sitshalo ziqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2-3 phakathi nesikhathi sokutshala kuze kube sekuvuneni. Isiza ukucwilisa ama-petioles namaqabunga bese unciphisa inani lamakha amafutha abalulekile. Lapho bekhula ngaphandle futhi benakekela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, abalimi abaningi bahlukanisa ikakhulukazi imifino , ngoba unikeza ithuba lokusika izindleko zabasebenzi ngesigamu. Isendlalelo se-mulch ehlanganisa amahlumela sisiza ukusindisa ekukhuseleni okufudumele, ukwenqaba ukukhipha futhi ukusika. Njengengcebo yayo ungasebenzisa:
- i-sawdust;
- ibhakede;
- inhlanzi;
- ukusika iphepha.