Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi bangakhulisa kanjani izinkukhu esiqhingini sabo. Lesi sitshalo sivela eNingizimu Melika, kepha isimo sezulu esiphakathi kweYurophu siyakulungele ukutshala amantongomane angaphandle. Ukuze uthole isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuthenga izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ufunde izindlela zokulima.
Amantongomane - ukutshala nokukhula ekhaya
Ama-peanuts aphansi anonyaka owodwa owutshalwa ngonyaka. Ucatshangwa ukuthi ungumndeni wezinambuzane, une-nut real ukunambitha. Izithelo zawo zakha esikhunjeni ngezicucu eziningana, zikhule phansi. Izimbali ezincane ezivuthiwe zitshalo zifika emhlabathini futhi kancane kancane ziwa kuwo, emva kwalokho ukuqala kokuvuna kuqala. Ukuze uthole amantongomane, indlela elula yokukhula ezimbizeni ezivamile, ezisekhaya efasiteleni, nazo zifanelekile. Udinga nje ukuyifaka emhlabathini ophansi, unikeze ukukhanya okwanele, uvikele kusuka ezikhathini.
Indlela yokutshala amantongomane ekhaya?
Ngaphambi kokutshala amantongomane ekhaya, kufanele ulungise isitsha esikhulu (30-40 cm ububanzi), ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amahlumela awo awaxhomeke emaphethelweni ebhodweni. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela siphakathi kuka-Ephreli. Imithetho yokufika:
- imbewu ingcono ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile, ebusuku ubanjwe emanzini, engeza ukwehla kwe- Epin . Ngakusasa, amantongomane avulwa futhi umgogodla uboniswa;
- i-substrate ilungiswe kusuka kumanus kanye nesihlabathi, esithathwe ezingxenyeni ezifanayo;
- ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokulula emaphetheni we-peat (le ndlela izodinga ukufakelwa kabusha okunye) noma ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo;
- isitsha sigcwaliswe nge-substrate emanzi;
- Imbewu ehlwanyelwe itshalwe phakathi nendawo ejulile ye-2-2.5 cm;
- Ukwakha i-microclimate efudumele, ibhodlela lihlanganiswe ne-cellophane futhi lifakwe endaweni efudumele;
- ukuze kuhlume, i-hotbed ihlale igesi.
Ukunakekela amantongomane ekhaya
Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuba ugcine i-agrotechnology yokuhlakulela amantongomane. Indlela yokukhulisa amantongomane ekhaya embizeni:
- Ukunisela. Hlanganisa izithombo njalo, ugweme isikhukhula se-coma.
- Ukuphalaza. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo ihlumela liphuziswa ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa ekuseni nakusihlwa.
- Umbuso wokushisa. I-Optimum - + 20-27 ° С, izimo ezingezansi + 15 ° С nangaphezulu + 30 ° С zibhubhisa izithelo.
- Hilling. Iqhutshwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ku-3 cm ubude, bese kabili ngo-Agasti ngo-1.5-2 cm.
Lapho ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-20 cm, izimbali zitshalo (ngosuku 40-45). Esikhundleni sezinhlayiya ze-orange zivela ama-ovaries, awela emhlabathini. Izithelo zakhiwa ngokujula kwama-8-10 cm. Amaqabunga aphuzi abe uphawu lokuvuna. Lesi sitshalo sikhishwa emhlabeni, sibeke ilanga ukuze somiswe. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12, amantongomane azoqala ukuhlukanisa kahle negobolondo. Isihlahla ngasinye sinikeza cishe ubhontshisi abangamashumi amahlanu ngamantongomane angu-1-7 ngaphakathi kwegobolondo.
Indlela yokutshala amantongomane engadini?
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule izimbali, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ezinye zezici zokulima. Ukutshala i-walnut khetha izindawo ezivulekile nge-umoya omuhle nokukhanyisa okukhanyayo. Izandulela phambili ziyizambane, ukhukhamba, iklabishi. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zikhule isivuno esihle kunzima. Inhlabathi idinga i-loose, i-water-permeable, neutral. Ama-peanuts akhula lapho ukutshala nokuzilungisa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokushisa kwama-20 ° C. Uma iyancipha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuyama, kulokhu kuphakanyiswa ukumboza isiko ngefilimu.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo zomquba ezweni?
Imbewu yabe isetshenziswe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (ingafakwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-30), emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 amahlumela avela kubo. Khona-ke ubhontshisi abekwe endaweni evulekile. Ngemva kokuhluma i-peanut izokhula ngokushesha. Le ndlela izovikela ubhontshisi kusukela ebhere, okuvame ukudla imbewu emhlabathini. Kungcono ukhethe izinombolo ezinkulu zokuhlwanyela, izithelo ezincane azikwazi ukunyuka nhlobo. Indlela yokutshala ama-karan ensimini:
- Ukufika kuqhutshwa ngaphakathi kwe-fossa ye-10 cm ukujula nebanga lama-50 cm phakathi kwama-specimens. Ingatshalwa emigqeni ngebanga lika-30 cm noma indlela ye-chess;
- Ukuze ukhule amantongomane kungenzeka futhi uqoke 60х60 noma 70х70 cm;
- Inhlabathi kumele ibe yinto evulekile futhi iguquguquke, njengoba isiko sithanda izwe elithambile;
- Ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala ubhontshisi kusetshenziswe, izinsalela ezisuka emaqabunga nazo zingaphonswa emgodini - zizodlala indima yomanyolo ezimpandeni;
- Izinhlamvu ezingu-3 zifakwe ku-fossa ngayinye, ngoba ababuthakathaka abakwazi ukukhuphuka;
- emva kokuvala, umbhede uphansi ngokucindezela, ukuze ungagcini umthamo ophezulu wenhlabathi;
- Izithombo zikhula ngaphezu kwenyanga ukuya ekuphakameni kwama-25-75 cm.
Isikhathi sokutshala amantongomane
Njengoba ama-peanuts angakhula kuphela endaweni efudumele, ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa emva kokushisa kwenhlabathi sekufudumele ku-15 ° C. Lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi no-May emva kokuqhaqha kwamakhabe. Ama-frost ayingozi emanzini, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala amantongomane kuleli zwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele ulinde isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ungabeka ubhontshisi ngezibuko 3-4 cm ubukhulu ngo-Ephreli, ubeke i-windows-sill ekhanyayo. Khona-ke izithombo ziyiswa emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukunakekela amanothi emhlabathini ovulekile
Amanci omhlabathi, uma ekhulile ngaphandle, adinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile - kudinga ukuchelela, ukudla, ukulawula izinambuzane. Amahlumela aphansi aphansi kufanele avikelwe kokhula. Imigqa ye-weeding ihlangene nokukhishwa kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokuswakanyiswa. Ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu esitshalo aphuzi, futhi imbewu iqala ukususwa kalula kubhontshisi, isikhathi sokuvuna siqala (ingxenye yesibili ka-Septhemba). Okokuqala amahlathi avuliwe, avumela izithelo zime. Isivuno sivunwa esigabeni samabhontshisi angenalutho emasakeni esikhwameni ekamelweni elomile ngo-8-10 ° C. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu 0.5 kg wezintuthwane.
Izici zezinkukhu ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
I-peanut inesici esithakazelisayo - sikhula usuku olulodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo idlula cishe abangenakuqondwa abalimi beloli. Ekuseni ekuseni ngoJuni izimbali ziyaqhakaza, futhi kusihlwa sezivele seziqhamuka - ngalesi sikhathi zikwazi ukuphuza impova. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 emva kokuqhakaza, ama-ovari awela enhlabathini, akhule abe ngaphansi, lapho kutholakala khona izithelo zenkambiso.
Ukukhula kwamanqamu ensimini kuhambisana ne-hilling edingekayo. Izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuqhakaza, ama-ovari afafazwa ngumbimbi, umhlabathi ovulekile owu-5-7 cm (njengamazambane), ukuze umthombo wezakhi ufike ku-cotyledon. Ngokujwayelekile, ukukhulisa amantongomane kuzosiza amagquma amabili ngaphezulu ngezinsuku eziyi-10, lapho isitshalo sesitshalo senziwa khona kancane kancane. Inqubo inconywa emva kokunisela noma imvula.
Izimo zokutshala amantongomane - inhlabathi
Kubalulekile ukuba abalimi bazi ukuthi izikhukhula ziyakhula. Indawo kumele ivuleke ngaphandle kwesithunzi esivela ezicingo, izakhiwo, izihlahla. Ukuqala kwamanoni kunamanzi, okukhanya, ngephesenti eliphezulu yama-humus, i-calcium ne-magnesium-chernozem noma i-sandy loam. Inhlabathi enomhlabathi ayibekezelelisi isiko, futhi i-asidi kumele ihlawulwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngaphambi kokukhula kwamanoni, isayithi lilungisiwe: ekwindla ukumba ukujula okungama-30 cm emhlabathini wengeze u-1-3 kg we-humus ku-1 m 2 endaweni. Ngentwasahlobo, indawo yokutshala iphinde ikhululeke nge-additive kumanyolo ngamunye we-m 2 kuya ku-50 amagremu we- nitrophosphate .
Indlela yokutshala ama-peanut ngendlela efanele - izici zokuchelela
I-nut nut ikhetha umhlabathi omanzi, hhayi umhlabathi. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungabangela ukubola kwesithelo. Indlela yokutshala i-peanut yasebumba ezweni - ukuchelela:
- Hlonipha isitshalo uma umthamo ophezulu wenhlabathi ubomile - cishe kanye ngosuku;
- esigabeni sokuqhakaza, amahlumela ayanisela kakhulu - ekuseni ekuseni noma kabili ngeviki;
- amanzi ukuze inqubo akufanele ibanda - kufanele ifuthe kancane elangeni;
- Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-ovary esikhundleni sokunisela, kunconywa ukuba uchithe njalo ngolunye usuku kusihlwa;
- ngemuva kokukhipha inhlabathi umhlabathi ukhululiwe ukuze ucebiswe nge-oxygen;
- uma kule ndawo kunemvula ejwayelekile, ukuphuza kungabanjwanga;
- inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukugcoba kumiswa. Uma lesi sitshalo siphuziswa kakhulu ngoSeptemba, izithelo zizovuthwa isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala izimbali - ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-nut nut isondliwe kabili ngesizini. Izitshalo zikulungele ukukhula nokukhiqiza. Lesi sitshalo sithinta kahle i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Indlela yokukhulisa amantongomane ezweni - umanyolo:
- ukufometha kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu afinyelele ku-10 cm ukuphakama - ukudla kwamahlathi 20 g we-ammonium nitrate, 45 g we-usawoti we-potassium, 70 g we-superphosphate ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi;
- okwesibili ukukhulelwa kuphindwe esiteji se-fruiting.
Indlela yokukhulisa amantongomane - izifo nezinambuzane?
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, umuthi uthinteka yizifo futhi uhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Indlela yokutshala inanci ye-peanut e-dacha - ukulwa nama-parasites:
- Amantongomane athukuthelwa yi-aphid, amacimbi. Zilimaza amahlamvu, zinciphise inqubo yezimbali. Ukuqeda ama-parasites kungenzeka, ngokufafaza i-ridge ngomlotha womuthi noma uthuli ugwayi.
- Kusukela ku- thrips, lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa ngezinambuzane .
- Kuyingozi, uma i-nut iqala ukudla emifinjini - ihlala emhlabathini futhi iqoqa izithelo ngisho nasezikhaleni. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo, izibhamu-izicupho zenziwa lapho izinhlayiya zamazambane, ama-beet noma izaqathe zifakwa khona. Imithombo ihlanganiswe ngamapulangwe, insimbi, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana izimpungushe zikhahlela ukuze ziqhume.
- Ngisho nasensimini enezinkukhu, kunconywa ukuthi ufake isisindo sokusongela izinyoni, ezingalimaza zonke izithelo.
Indlela yokukhulisa amantongomane ekhwalithi - izifo:
- Umkhuhlane we-Powdery. Lesi sifo sibukeka njengama-speckles ezinhlangothini zombili zamaqabunga. Ngokunqotshwa kwamafungicides - I-Topaz, Bravo, i-Quadrice.
- I-Phallosticosis noma indawo yeqabunga. Kuthathwa ukuhlanza okumnyama kuze kube ngu-6 mm ububanzi, okuyinto intuthuko enomswakama ophezulu. I-fungicides ye-action spectrum ehlukahlukene isebenza kahle ekulwa nalesi sifo.
- Grey ukubola. Kubonakala ngemuva kokucubungula ngesimo sezintuthwane ezinomfutho, odlula emaqabunga kuya eziqubeni. Izihlahla ezithintekayo azivuthi izithelo. Ukukhulisa isihlahla esinempilo kuzosiza ukugcinwa kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko, ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukukhishwa kwesikhashana.