I-Orchid ibhekwa njengembali enhle kunazo zonke. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bembali abakhetha ukuyikhulela ekhaya badinga ukwazi izifo eziyinhloko ezithinta ama-orchid, nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo.
Izimpawu zesifo se-orchid:
- ukuphuza kwamaqabunga;
- ukubukeka kwamabala nokubola emaqabunga;
- ukubola kwezimpande;
- ukulahlekelwa kwe-leaf turgor;
- Ukuphuma kwamahlamvu;
- ukungabi nokukhula kwamaqabunga nezimpande;
- izimbali eziwa.
Izifo ezingenasifo ezithathelwanayo zama-orchid zangaphakathi
Lezi zifo zihlanganisa lezo zifo ezivela esitshalweni ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko ukubonakala kwamabala aphuzi noma ukuphuziza amaqabunga ngokuphelele.
Izimbangela:
- isitshalo seqhwa;
- i-hypothermia ende;
- ukuchelela okwanele noma ngokweqile;
- ukungabi nokukhanya;
- ukushisa kwelanga;
- ukufudumeza (ukuqhuma) kwesitshalo.
Uma indawo ye-yellowing encane, bese udala izimo ezifanele ze-orchid, ingaphulukisa imbali.
Izifo ezivuthwe ngama-orchid kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezithathelwanayo ze-orchid, okuvame kakhulu yi-viroz. Izitshalo eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ziyasondeza ama-parasites (ama-aphid, ama-spider mites, thrips) nezinsimbi ezingcolile. Ukusakazeka esitshalweni, ama-virus adala ushintsho epulazini leqabunga, ahlaziye futhi ayeke ukukhula kwembali.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ama-orchid, kungcono ukuphonswa ngokushesha, ukuze ungadlulisi ezinye izimbali. Futhi ukuvimbela i-virosis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, kufanele uvikele ama-orchid ezinambuzane ezinobungozi futhi usebenzise amathuluzi ahlanzekile kuphela.
Izifo ze-fungal ne-bacterial of orchids kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
I-Fusarium noma i-tracheomycosis
Lesi sifo se-fungal vascular, ngoba i-fungus engena esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi nesilonda, ihlanganisa ama-pores abalulekile, okuholela ekutheni ama-tissue asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
Ukwelashwa: imbali ingasindiswa kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, lapho ingxenye encane yezimpande ithintekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuba ugeze izimpande ngokugcwele, uthinte izingxenye ezithathelwanayo, usike ngamacala asebenzayo, isilisi se-garlic, okungezona utshwala noma isinamoni futhi umboze ngesulfure. Zonke izimpande kufanele ziphathwe nge-fungicides bese zifakelwa embizeni entsha.
Indawo yeqabunga lamaqabunga
Lesi yisifo esithile se- phalaenopsis. Amaqabunga kuqala aphenduka aphuzi, abe mnyama, abe izilonda ezithambile nezimanzi zivele kubo.
Ukwelapha: unqume izingxenye ezithintekile, uthathe izingxenye nge-activated carbon or iodine. Uma izindawo ezintsha zingabonakali zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10, lesi sifo sinqotshwa.
I-Anthracnose, i-powdery isikhutha, i-rust
Lezi zifo ezivamile zamagqabi ama-orchid, avela ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamanzi emaqabunga nasezimpini, umswakama ophezulu ekamelweni. Ungabanquma ngokuqala ukwakha amancane, bese kuba nezindawo ezinkulu, ezimbozwe ngezingubo ezahlukene (pink, white, yellow, brown fluff).
Ukwelashwa: izindawo ezithintekile zamaqabunga ukuze zisuse ukhunta, zifafazwe ngamachashazi acushiwe futhi ziqhutshwe yi-Skorom ne-Topsin-M.
Amakhowe amnyama (abamnyama)
Lesi sifo sikhula emaqabunga ama-orchid, asebe anamathele ngenxa yokulimala yizinambuzane (aphids, mealybugs, izihlangu ezimhlophe). Ukubonakala kwebhokisi elimnyama akuvumeli ukuthi amaqabunga athole ilanga ngobuningi, futhi imbali iyancipha.
Ukwelapha: ukwelapha amabala amnyama emaqabunga ngeMikosan noma amalungiselelo amakhemikhali Ridomil, Topsin-M, Skor.
Ukujikeleza
Lezi zifo ikakhulukazi ezimpandeni zama-orchid, kodwa zingathinta amaqabunga nezimbali.
Ama-orchids angathuthukisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokubola: izimpande, i-grey, i-fusarium, emnyama, ibhaktheriya ensundu. Zonke zikhula ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuhlelekile kwembali: okungalungile (izinga eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi) lokushisa nomswakama.
Ukwelashwa:
- Lungisa izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nomswakama ekamelweni.
- Yenza ukucubungula:
- empande - izixazululo ezingu-0.1% ze-benzalate njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili;
- lapho igrey - noma iyiphi fungicide, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye ukushintsha umuthi;
- Uma i-Fusarium - kathathu ngosuku, igxila kwisisombululo se-0.2% sesisekelo izinsuku ezingu-10.
- ebhaktheriya abamnyama nabomvu - ukusika izindawo ezimangazayo, ukumboza ngamalahle, ukucubungula zonke izimpande ze- Bordeaux liquid (1%) nokufakelwa embizeni ehlanzekile.
Ukuqaphela i-orchid noma yiziphi izibonakaliso zokugula, kungcono ukuthi ufune iseluleko ngokushesha kubachwepheshe.