Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeke ukuthi umuthi otshalwe futhi okhulile uphelelwa ukuthi awusiwo uhlobo noma izithelo zawo ezingeni elibi. Yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu, ngoba uchithe isikhathi esiningi namandla ukuze ukhule? Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugoma, okuzovumela ukukhulisa izithelo zezinye izinhlobo emagatsheni omuthi.
Kulesi sihloko uzothola ukuthi kufanele nini ukutshala i-apula ngesihlahla, nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani entwasahlobo.
Izihlahla zama-apula zitshalwe nini?
Kuye ngendlela yokugoma, lokhu kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Inoculation of apula izihlahla ngokuyinhloko kwenziwa entwasahlobo nge cuttings noma ehlobo by izinso. Kungcono ukuthi abalimi beqala bafunde lokhu ngokusebenza nge-cuttings, kusukela ekuqaleni umuntu kudingeka azame ngesivinini nangokunemba kokunyakaza.
Ungaqala ukutshala ama-apula entwasahlobo lapho amaqhwa ewela, endaweni ethile kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Inqubo ngokwayo iyathandeka ukwenza noma ekuseni, noma kusihlwa.
Indlela yokwehlisa i-apple entwasahlobo?
Ukuze kutholakale izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ulungiselele izinto ezinjalo namathuluzi:
- ukusika;
- insimu encane encane ebona ( pruner );
- umcengezi ohlangene;
- ingadi var ;
- ifilimu netambo yokuhlanganisa.
Ekuqaleni, emva kwama-frosts okuqala noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo sivuna ama-cuttings, sinquma amagatsha anyaka akhula 30-35 cm kusuka kuma-apula aphilile ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukunciphisa phezulu kwezinso, futhi usike phansi ngehora elimangalisayo, ukuze ubuso be-cut bephindwe kathathu ububanzi be-cuttings. Siwagcina kuze kufike entwasahlobo engaphansi, ukuwafaka enhlabathini emanzi, i-sawdust, noma ehlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzi, efrijini. Sizoqhubeka sibize isiqu, kanye negatsha lomuthi esizokhipha kuwo-isitoko. Amathuluzi nezandla kufanele zihlanjwe ngesepha. Phakathi nenqubo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthinta izingxenye zempande nokuzihambisa ngesandla.
Kunezindlela ezehlukene zokungcolisa izihlahla, lapho abalimi ngokuvamile basebenzisa khona okulandelayo:
- Ukuguqulwa . Kuyenzeka uma ububanzi be-stock kanye ne-graft kufana. Ngakho faka amagatsha 1-2 iminyaka ubudala. Kukhona okulula futhi okuthuthukisiwe, njll. nge "ulimi". I-latter ikuvumela ukuba uqinise izakhi ngokuqinile. Ngaphansi nangaphezulu kokugcina kwe-scion, izinhlayiya zokugxila ezinama-3-4 cm ubude, zenziwa "ngezilimi" eziqunyiwe nge-longitudinal cut of wood. Xhuma izinkinobho ngokushesha, ngomzuzu owodwa.
- Inoculation in incision lateral . Kuyafaneleka amagatsha wezinhlamvu ezahlukene. Ngaphansi kwe-cut is a wedge emfushane ne-oblique, lapho efakwa khona ekufakweni, okwenziwe eceleni kwesitoko.
- Inoculation in the cleavage . I-cuttings engezansi yenziwa izingcezu ezingu-3 cm eside zokugxila emgqeni. Umkhawulo okhethekile uhlukaniswe ube yingxenye ye-rootstock yonkana, i-pair of scions evela emaphethelweni afakwa kwisaga ukuze izinhlamvu ze-cambial zivumelane ne-scion. Khona-ke umcengezi ususiwe, futhi isitokisi siboshwe nge-twig.
- I-inoculation igxolo ngalinye . Isetshenziselwa amagatsha aphakathi nendawo amakhulu. Lokhu kugonywa kwenziwa lapho kuqhuma ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ngomusa uthathe igatsha le-apula, ushiye isiqu. Ukusika kuhlanzwa kahle ngommese. Emagqabeni ane-2-3 efihlekile phansi, i-oblique cut is made 3-4 cm ubude. Siyakunquma eceleni kwegxolo ibe yimpande, futhi siyibuyisele ngommese, ifakwe kuwo ngokunqunyulwa emithini. Uma igatsha lithe xaxa kunama-5 cm ububanzi, ungenza imishanguzo engu-2-5, ngokulinganayo uyibeka eceleni kwesigxobo. Kamuva, lapho bejwayele, sishiya esinye sezihlumela ezinamandla kunazo zonke, kanti konke okunciphisa kwethu kufushane futhi sinqume ngokuphelele ngemva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngakho-ke, ukugoma kwe-apula entwasahlobo kwenziwa nge-algorithm enjalo, ukuchitha isikhathi esincane ngangokunokwenzeka (imizuzu engu-1-1.5):
- Sinqunqa ukusika okuvela ngezansi ngommese obukhali.
- Sika ingxenye yempande, ushiye ubude obuyi-5 cm, usike usike kahle.
- Senza indlela ekhethiwe yokugoma.
- Sifaka ifilimu (mochalom) siyibophe ngokuqinile ngentambo.
- Sifaka phezulu kwe-garden var, okuzovimbela ukumiswa nokuvikela ekungeneni kwezinambuzane.
- Ku-hemp ubophe ngokucophelela induku yokuzivikela noma ibhande elikhanyayo, elizobangela izinyoni.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, lapho izinso zivuvukala, ukubopha kufanele kubuthakathaka, kanti entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili kususwe ngokuphelele. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kokugoma ukuvikela ukuhlukunyezwa nokwakhiwa kwegatsha.
Ukwazi ukutshala kahle ama-apula entwasahlobo, abalimi be-amateur esihlahleni esisodwa bangakhula izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula egatsheni ngalinye.