- Ikheli: Nevado del Ruiz, Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia
- Ubukhulu ngaphezu kwezilwandle: 5311 m
- Ukuqhuma kokugcina: 2016.
Engxenyeni yaseColombia enye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, okuthiwa iNevado del Ruiz (El Mesa de Herveo) noma i-Ruiz nje. Unomdwebo we-laminated, umumo ohlangene futhi unomthamo omkhulu we-tephra, umlotha nomlova onzima.
Ulwazi jikelele
Engxenyeni yaseColombia enye yezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, okuthiwa iNevado del Ruiz (El Mesa de Herveo) noma i-Ruiz nje. Unomdwebo we-laminated, umumo ohlangene futhi unomthamo omkhulu we-tephra, umlotha nomlova onzima.
Ulwazi jikelele
Ngaphambi kokuba uye eColombia, izivakashi ziyazibuza ukuthi yini i-volcano yaseRuiz - isebenza noma iphela. Intaba igcina umsebenzi wayo iminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kwenzeka lapha ngo-2016. Endaweni engcupheni, kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-500 000 abahlala ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ukuze uphendule umbuzo wokuthi kuphi i-Volcano yaseRuiz, umuntu kufanele abheke ibalazwe lomhlaba. Kubonisa ukuthi indawo ephawulekayo itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeColombia, eduze kwaseBototá . Ihlala e-Andes (Central Cordillera), futhi iphuzu layo eliphakeme lihlanganiswa ama-glaciers futhi lifinyelela uphawu lwama-5311 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
I-Ruiz ingePacific Ring, ehlanganisa izintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni. Yakhelwe endaweni ye-subduction futhi ibonakala ngokuqhuma kohlobo lwePlinian. Zinezimpukane ezihamba nge-pyroclastic ezingaqhaqhazela iqhwa bese zakha amaLahars, okuyizimpande zobumba, udaka namatshe.
Incazelo ye-volcano
I-Ruiz cone ihlanganisa ama-5 lava ekhaya avela ngesikhathi sokusebenza okwedlule. Bonke bahlala endaweni engaphezu kuka-200 metres square. km. Phezulu kwe-volcano yi-Arenas encane, ububanzi bayo buyi-1 km, futhi ukujula kungamamitha angu-240. Amathafa lapha aphezulu kakhulu, i-angle of their inclination is 20-30 °. Zigcwele amahlathi anamanzi namachibi.
I-Territorially Ruiz ingeNational Park Los Nevados , enamanzi amasha amaningi. Ukuphila kwemifino nesilwane kwe-volcano kufana nokuphakama. Lapha ungathola:
- ama-alpine meadows;
- amahlathi amancane;
- ubhontshisi, i-laurel kanye nemithi yezilo.
Kusukela ezincelweni ezincelisayo ensimini enikeziwe kungenzeka ukuba ubone i-tapir, ibhere elimangalisa, i-Ervei jarlequin nezinhlobo ezingu-27 eziphilayo zenyoni. Izintaba ezungezile zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ikhofi, ummbila, ushukela kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini.
Izintaba zivame kakhulu lapha. Ngokokuqala ngqa uRuiz wakhuphuka ngo-1936, kanti nabadlali ababili baseJalimane baqanjwa ngokuthi u A. Grasser no V. Kaneto bangakwazi ukunqoba. Ngemva kokudlulela kweqhwa, kwaba lula kakhulu.
Ukuqhuma okulimazayo
Kuwo wonke umlando walo, i-volcano yaseRuiz ibilokhu isebenza izikhathi eziningana. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuqhuma kwenzeka okwedlula eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-1.8 edlule. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kunezikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- okokuqala;
- endala;
- zanamuhla.
Ngo-1985, iColombia yaqhuma i-volcano yaseRuiz, okubhekwa njengeyona eyonakalisa kakhulu eNingizimu Melika. Kwaqala kusihlwa ngoNovemba 13, i-tephra yama-dacitic yaphonswa emkhathini endaweni engaba ngu-30 km. Ubuningi be-magma kanye nezinto ezihambisanayo kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-35.
Ukugeleza kwe-lava kwaqhaqhaza ama-glaciers futhi kwakhiwa ama-4 Lahars, awela phansi emithambekeni yomsakazo ngesivinini esingama-60 km / h. Babuqede konke okusemgwaqweni wabo futhi bachitha idolobha lase Armero. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, abantu abangaphezu kuka-23 000 bafa futhi abantu abangaba ngu-5 000 balimala ngokweqile. Lena enye yezinhlekelele ezinkulu zemvelo emlandweni wethu.
Ngo-May 2016, kwaqhuma ukuqhuma kwesibhakabhaka seRuiz. Ikholomu lomlotha lenyukela esibhakabhakeni nge-2.3 km. Akukho ukubulawa kwabantu okuqoshiwe.
Ungafika kanjani?
I-volcano yaseRuiz isendaweni yeminyango emibili: Tolima neCaldas. Ukuyifinyelela kuyindawo elula kakhulu ukusuka edolobheni laseManzales emgwaqweni omkhulu we-Letras-Manizales / Vía Panamericana noVía al Parque Nacional Los Nevados. Ibanga liyi-40 km.