Iziqhumane zaseColombia

Ngensimu yaseColombia , izintaba ze-Andes zidlula. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, amagatsha amakhulu angena emagqumeni amathathu ahlukene, okuthiwa i-Eastern, Western and Central Cordilleras. Le nsimu ibonakala ngokuphakama okukhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo, liphela futhi lisebenza. Lokhu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo nakubantu.

Ngensimu yaseColombia , izintaba ze-Andes zidlula. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, amagatsha ahamba ngamagquma amathathu, abizwa ngokuthi i-Eastern, Western and Central Cordilleras. Le nsimu ibonakala ngokuphakama okukhulu kanye nenani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo, liphela futhi lisebenza. Lokhu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo nakubantu.

Izintaba-mlilo ezidume kakhulu zaseColombia

Ezweni kunezintaba eziningana, eziyizintaba zezintaba. Ziyingxenye yamapaki kanye nezinqolobane zikazwelonke , futhi emithambekeni yazo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezihlukahlukene futhi zikhule izitshalo ezingavamile. Izintaba ziyakuthandwa ngabakhuphuka nabathandi bemvelo bavakashela. Izintaba-mlilo ezidume kakhulu zaseColombia ziyi:

1. I-Nevado del Huila (iNevado del Huila) - itholakala eminyangweni yaseTolima, e-Uila naseCauca. Kuyinto intaba enkulu, inhloko yayo ephakeme ngamamitha angu-5365. Inomumo ohlangene futhi ihlanganiswe neqhwa. I-volcano yalala iminyaka engaba ngu-500, futhi ngo-2007 yaqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi ngendlela yokuthutha komlotha nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngo-Ephreli kwakukhona ukuqhuma kwe-Nevado del Huila: kwakungabikho ukulimala, kanti izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-4000 zaxoshwa ezindaweni eziseduze.
2. I-Kumbal iyi-stratovolcano esebenzayo, okubhekwa njengeningizimu yezwe futhi ingomnyango weNariño. Ukuphakama kwalo ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle kungama-4764 m, futhi amathafa ahlanganiswa nezinsika eziningi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. Ukuma kwentaba kuyisikhonkwane esinezintambo, ekhishwa yi-extrusion of dacite.
3. I-Cerro Machín - itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, ingxenye yeNational Park Los Nevados futhi ingomnyango weTolima. I-Stratovolcano iqukethe izintaba eziningana, eziphakeme kakhulu ezifinyelela ku-2750 m ngaphezu kwezilwandle. Inomumo we-cone futhi iqukethe izingxenye eziningi zomlotha, i-tephra kanye ne-lava enzima. Emadolobheni amakhulu, ngakho-ke le ntaba ingenye yezingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Umsebenzi walo wanda ngo-2004, ukuqhuma kokugcina okwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13.
4. I-Nevado del Ruiz (iNevado del Ruiz noma i-El Mesa de Herveo) - iqala kuqala phakathi kwezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu eNingizimu Melika. E-Colombia ibizwa ngokuthi "okubulalayo", kusukela ngo-1985 intaba-mlilo yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-23 000 (Tragedy Armero). Kukhona intaba ezindaweni zaseTolima naseCaldas, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-5400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ihlanganiswe ngama-glaciers aneminyaka eminyaka ubudala, enesimo se-cone, iwuhlobo lohlobo lwePlinian futhi luqukethe izingqimba ezinkulu ze-tephra, ama-pyroclastic rock and lava enzima. Unyaka we-Nevado del Ruiz udlula iminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili.
5. I-Azufral (i-Azufral de Tuquerres) - i-stratovolcano, etholakala ensimini yomnyango weNariño. Ukuphakama kwalo kufinyelela ku-4070 m. Eduze nezintaba indawo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-lava ne-caldera ene-2.5-3 km. Bavuka ngesikhathi se-Holocene (eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 600 edlule). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Azufral yiLake Laguna Verde. Ngo-1971, kwakukhona ukuzamazama lapho (izikhathi ezingaba ngu-60), futhi umsebenzi we-fumarolic wabhalwa emithambekeni.
6. I-Cerro Bravo (Cerro Bravo) - isendaweni yeNational Park Los Nevados futhi ingomnyango weTolima. I-Stratovolcano yakhiwa ngesikhathi se-Pleistocene, ihlanganiswa ikakhulukazi ngama-dacites futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwezingu-4000 m. Isikhathi sokugcina saqala cishe eminyakeni eyi-XVIII-XIX. Ayikho isiqinisekiso esibhaliwe esilondoloziwe, kodwa lokhu kuboniswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-radiocarbon. Namuhla, intaba ibhekwa yi-ejections ye-pyroclastic flow, ngenxa yalokho uhlobo lwama-dome olwenziwe lapha.
7. I-Cerro Negro de Mayasquer (Cerro Negro de Mayasquer) - itholakala emnyangweni weNariño, emngceleni nezwe lase- Ecuador . Phezulu kwentaba kukhona i-cone, lapho kune-caldera, evulekile entshonalanga. Esigumbini sakhiwa i-lake encane, eduze kwamabhishi amaningi ama-fumaroles amaningi. Isikhathi sokugcina i-stratovolcano saqala ngo-1936. Yiqiniso, ososayensi abaqiniseki kahle ukuthi lo msebenzi uboniswe yiCroro Negro de Mayasker, hhayi iReventador engomakhelwane.
8. I-Doña Juana - etholakala eMnyangweni weNariño, iqukethe i-calderas engu-2 futhi ifinyelela eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Kuyinto intaba-mlilo ye-andesite-dacite, engqungqutheleni ehlanganisa ukuhlangana kwezindlu eziningana. Wayesebenza kusukela ngo-1897 kuya ku-1906, lapho ukukhula kwedome kwakuhambisana nokugeleza okukhulu kwamaprotheni. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 bafa emadolobheni aseduze. I-volcano isabhekwa njengento esebenzayo.
9. I-Romeral (iRomeral) - lena yi-northernmost stratovolcano kuleli zwekazi, eliseduze kwedolobha lase-Aransasu emnyangweni weCaldas. Kungokwakheka kweRuiz Tolima, futhi idwala elingenalutho liqukethe i-andesite ne-dacite. I-volcano ibonakala ngokuqhuma kohlobo lwe-Plynian, okwaholela ekufakeni i-pumice, ehlukaniswe ngqimba lomhlabathi.
10. I-Sotara (i-Volcán Sotará) - isesifundazweni saseCauca, eduze kwedolobha lasePapayán futhi lingeCentral Cordillera. Ukuphakama kwe-volcano kungu-4580 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ine-3 calderas, eyinikeza isimo esingavamile. Emthambekeni kukhona umthombo womfula uPatia. Intaba igcina umsebenzi we-hydrothermal ne-fumarolic, futhi isiteshi sokuqapha sibhalisa njalo umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
11. I-Galeras (Galeras) - itholakala emnyangweni weNariño, eduze kwedolobha lasePasto. I-volcano enamandla futhi enkulu enokuphakama kwamamitha angu-4276. Ububanzi besisekelo bungaphezu kuka-20 km, kanti i-crater ilingana no-320 m. Ichibi elisekuyo linamamitha angaba ngu-80. Phakathi nokuqhuma kokugcina ngo-1993, abantu abangu-9 babulawa phezulu (abacwaningi abangu-6 kanye nezivakashi ezintathu). Eminyakeni eyalandela, akukho ukulimala okwakubhekwa, kepha abantu baxoshwa kabili endaweni engcupheni.
12. I-Nevado del Tolima - yasungulwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 edlule, ukuqhuma kokugcina kwenzeka ngo-1600 BC. I-Stratovulkan itholakala ensimini yeNational Park Los Nevados, eMnyangweni weTolima. Izindebe zalo zigcwele amahlathi nezindawo, lapho izilwane zidla khona. Kungcono kakhulu ukufika entabeni edolobheni lase-Ibague.
13. I-Purase (Puracé) iyintaba-mlilo esebenzayo esendaweni yePaki Kazwelonke yegama elifanayo eCentral Cordillera, esifundazweni saseCauca. Iphoyinti layo eliphakeme liphakeme ngamamitha angu-4756 m. Inhloko yentaba ihlanganiswe ngeqhwa futhi inesimo esivamile. I-crater ibhekene nemithombo eminingi ye-fumaroles ne-sulfuric ezishisayo. Ekhulwini lama-XX, kwakukhona ukuqhuma okungu-12.