Maka

• Ikheli: Björkö, 178 92 Ekerö, eSweden
• Ifoni: +46 8 120 040 00
• Iwebhusayithi: www.birkavikingastaden.se
• Imeyili: bokning@stromma.se
• Idethi yesisekelo : cishe 770.

Isiqhingi saseBjerke (Björkö) eLake Mälaren yindawo lapho idolobha lokuqala laseSweden, iBirka lisekelwa khona. Ubudala bayo bungaphezu kweminyaka eyiyinkulungwane - cishe kubonakala lapha cishe 770, mhlawumbe ngisho nangaphambili. Kuyaziwa ukuthi esikhathini esivela ku-770 kuya ku-970 idolobha laseBirka lalingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokuthenga nezitolo ezibaluleke kakhulu eSweden : bekukhona lapho umgwaqo wokuhweba owaxhuma isimo saseViking ne-Arab Caliphate neKhazar Khaganate. Namuhla, iBirka ifakwe ohlwini lweMagugu wezwe le-UNESCO.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo mayelana nokudalwa kwedolobha

Abantu abaphila ngesikhathi sethu bafunda ngalesi sakhiwo sibonga ngemfuyo eyenziwe ngekhulu lama-20:

1. Ukuthungulwa kokuqala esiqhingini, ngenxa yalokho uBirka wathola khona, kwaqala ngo-1881. Umvubukuli waseSweden owaziwa kakhulu u-Knut Jalmar Stolpe wafika eBjörkö ngenhloso yokutadisha izinambuzane eziphilayo ezincane ezitholakala esiqhingini futhi wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kukhona okunamandla kakhulu lapha, okuyinto engavamile esigodini saseLake Mälaren. Lokhu kwamholela ekwenzeni ukucabanga ukuthi kwakukhona idolobha elikhulu lokuhweba (elilinganayo).
2. Ngokuyinhloko, iNsika yayigxile ekucwaningweni kokungcwaba. Ephelele, wahlola izindawo ezingaba ngu-1200 endaweni yokungcwaba yaseHemladen nasegqumeni eliqinekile leBorg. Abanye babo babesendlini yezakhi zamapulangwe, phezu kwazo izikhukhula ezazithululwa; lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kulezi zizathu zokungcwaba amaViking ahloniphekile angcwatshwa.
3. Isazi-mlando saqala ukushicilela imiphumela yakhe ngo-1874 e-International Archaeological Congress, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uBirka noBjorki Island baye bakhanga abacwaningi ngokujwayelekile. U-Stolpe wathola lapha nenqabeni, eyayiseqabeni leBorg. Nguye owenza ukucabanga ukuthi indawo ehlala ikhona lapha yiBirka, umuzi wamaVikings, owakhulunywa ngokuphindaphindiwe emilandweni yasendulo kanye nemibhalo yabadala bezindaba zakudala.
4. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli abasekela le mbono. Okokuqala, umlobi weNyakatho Jalimane u-Adam Bremen, ngesikhathi uBirka ayengumuzi ophumelelayo, wabhala ukuthi kwakusezweni laseGoethe (okungukuthi, endaweni yaseVeterne naseVänern Lakes); okwesibili, akekho olobi abaphakathi kwesikhathi esho ukuthi lo muzi omkhulu wawusesiqhingini.
5. Enye imininingwane efakazela ukuthi uBirka wayekhona lapha ukuthi kukhona abantu abangaba ngu-600-700 enqabeni, engaphansi kwesakhiwo esifanayo eDenmark , eRussia naseNingizimu Baltic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi indawo yedolobha esiqhingini ayifuni ukuhlala unomphela eqenjini elikhulu ngaphakathi kwendonga enqaba.
6. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kukhona "okufanayo" e-Bjorki isiqhingi, uBirka uthi (ngaphezu kokufana kwegama) iqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni eziningi zokungcwaba izindawo ze-Arabhu zitholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi siqhingi satholwa futhi eziningi ze-Khazar (izingubo, izitsha, zemali zezingubo).
7. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, idolobha ngemva kweminyaka engu-970 lashiywa yi-population. Yayiyini imbangela, namuhla ayiziwa. Abanye abacwaningi bathi lokhu kwawa kweKhazar Khaganate futhi basikisela ukuthi idolobha elikhona esiqhingini laliyikoloni layo. Isizathu singase sibe ukuphakama komhlaba, ngenxa yalokho okwakunqunyulwa kusuka eLwandle LwaseBaltic, kanye nomlilo owabhubhisa izakhiwo zokhuni.

Ithegi namhlanje

Namuhla esiqhingini ungabona izindawo zokuvubukula kanye nokucwatshwa kwamaVikings, kokubili alula futhi ahloniphekile, izinsalela zenkampu yasendulo nezindawo ezizungezile, kanye nezinsalela ze-pier enezivikelo eziqinile-abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi samaVikings, izinga lomhlaba lalilingamamitha amahlanu ngaphansi kwesimanje, futhi imikhumbi yolwandle ingafika lapha ngqo. Okuphawulekayo yi-chapel ka-Ansgar nesiphambano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi siqhingi sisebenza iViking Museum, lapho ungabona khona:

• ukuhlelwa okuningiliziwe kwedolobha;
• izinto nezinto zokuhlobisa ezivela emangcwabeni;
• izingcezu zemikhumbi nezakhiwo;
• izikhali;
• amatshe, agijima lapho etshela ngezenzakalo zeminyaka ende.

Eduze emnyuziyamu, idolobhana laseViking lakhiwa kabusha. Izindlu ezikuyo zenziwe ngamagxolo aqondile, zihlanganiswe ngokucophelela, noma ziboshwe emivini futhi zihlanganiswe nobumba. Izindwangu zingumshini noma i-peat. Ngaphakathi kwendlu ngayinye ungabona indawo yokulala nokulala. Eduze emzaneni yi-cove encane, lapho imikhumbi yeViking ihlehla khona.

Ungafinyelela kanjani kumathegi?

Ukusuka eStockholm kuya esiqhingini saseBjörkö kukhona isikebhe. Uhamba ekuseni esuka eHholo LaseDolobheni kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba; usuku lukhona izindiza eziningana. Labo asebevakashele kakade lesi siqhingi, batusa ukuba bahlole ngokwabo, hhayi nge- excursion , kusukela isikhathi sokuvakasha yisikhathi nje. Uhambo lwenziwa ngumqondisi okhuluma isiNgisi, ogqoke njengeviking. Izindleko zokuvakashela esiqhingini cishe ngama-euro angu-40 (cishe ama-dollar angu-US).