I-tumor ebulalayo yesikhumba ngokuvamile ayitholakali ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokubonakala kokuqala kwe-pathology, kufana ne- nevus evamile (birthmark), futhi ngokuvamile ayikho izimpawu ezimbi. Ngeshwa, kuphela lapho kuhamba khona isikhathi esilandelayo sokuthuthuka kuyacaca ukuthi i-melanoma yesikhumba eyenzekayo - izibikezelo zokuphila zibi kakhulu ngenxa yokungenakwenzeka kokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-tumor, ukutholakala kwe-metastases amaningi.
Izibikezelo ze-melanoma yesikhumba 1 nezigaba ezimbili
Uma lesi sifo sitholakale esikhathini sokuqala sentuthuko, kunethuba lokufeza ngisho nokuthola okuphelele noma ukukhululwa isikhathi eside. Inani le-prognostic ngokuyinhloko ukujula kokuhlasela kwe-tumor endaweni engqimba yesikhumba sesikhumba. Ukuqina kwe-neoplasm kuye kwaqina emzimbeni, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha futhi kuphakame ingozi yezinkinga.
Ezigaba ezimbili zokuqhubekela phambili, i-melanoma ibonakala ngobukhulu obufinyelela ku-2 mm. I-tumor ingahlanganiswa nezilonda ezincane, nakuba lokhu akuwona uphawu olungenamthetho. Amangqamuzana e-incological agxila endaweni eyodwa, angathinti izicubu eziseduze nama-lymph nodes.
Ukuchazwa kwesigaba sokuqala se-melanoma yesikhumba nakho kuxhomeke kumaphototype womuntu. Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi abantu abanezinhlanzi nabanomnyama, bokuqala, abancishiswa kakhulu nesifo esibuzwayo, futhi okwesibili, banethuba elihle lokuthola ukuphumula okugcwele, ikakhulukazi esigabeni 1-2 sokuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasm.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulili nobudala besiguli kuthinta idatha yokubikezela. Abesifazane banezibikezelo ezingcono kunamadoda, kanye nabantu abasha kuqhathaniswa nabantu asebekhulile.
Ukusinda emdlalweni wesikhumba kucatshangwa phakathi nenkathi engu-5. Uma lesi sifo sitholakale ngesikhathi esifanele, singama-66-98%.
Ukubikezelwa kwe-melanoma yesikhumba 3 nezigaba ezine
Izinkathi ezichazwe zentuthuko yomdlavuza zibonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- usayizi wesisu ngaphezu kuka 2 mm;
- Amangqamuzana e-incological asetshenziselwa izicubu eziseduze;
- ukutholakala kwe-metastases kuma-lymph nodes nezinye izitho;
- izilonda kanye nokuguguleka komhlabathi ebusweni be-neoplasm;
- ukujula okukhulu kwe-tumor ukuhlasela.
Zonke lezi zinto zibuhlungu kakhulu idatha yokubikezela, ngoba ngisho nangemva kokukhipha ngokuphelele umdlavuza ngokwayo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuqeda amangqamuzana e-tumor ahamba ngegazi emzimbeni. Bazohlala kancane kancane ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezicubu, bewashaya. Ukuba khona kwesinye segciwane elilodwa le-pathogenic kungabangela ukuphindaphinda okukhulu kwesifo ngesimanje esisheshayo.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukutholakala kwenkinga. Isibikezelo se-skin melanoma esikhuhlane, isifuba, isisu nesinye isikhathi sibi nakakhulu uma kwenzeka ukukhula kwesisu emqaleni nangobuso, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zokugcina komdlavuza.
Ngokuya kwezinye izici ezithinta inkinga yokugula, ubudala, ubulili kanye nesimo sempilo yesiguli, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu lezinyathelo eziphakeme zesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba lihluka phakathi kuka-8-45%.
Ingabe ukuguqulwa kwesiguli kuyashintsha uma kwenzeka ukuphathwa kabi kwe-melanoma yesikhumba?
Ngokushesha ngemva kokutholakala kwesimila ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, inqubo yokuhlinzekela ukususwa kwayo ishiwo. Njengoba kuqhubeka ukuhamba kwesikhathi, i- radiation therapy , i-immune kanye ne-polychemotherapy (eyinkimbinkimbi) yenziwa.
Ngeshwa, ukuphumelela kokwelapha kuthinta izici eziningi ezingavamile, ngakho akusizi njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngisho nasesikhathini samakhanomasi okuvinjelwe 1-2 izigaba ngaphandle kwe-metastases ezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane nasezikhungweni ze-lymph nodes. Uma ukwelashwa okwanele, ukuguqulwa kwesifo sikhathazekile, futhi izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda alidluli ku-15-20%.