Ihlobo nehlobo yizinkathi ezithandayo zokuvakashela ipaki nezindawo zehlathi. Esinye sezingozi zalolu hlobo lokuphumula yi-borreliosis noma isifo seLyme. Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo, esithola umlingiswa ongapheli, sidluliselwa ngohlobo oluthile lwezikhawu ze-ixodid. Izinambuzane nazo zithola igciwane lesigundane, izinhlanzi, izinyoni, ama-hamster asezintabeni kanye nama-ungulates ahlukahlukene.
I-agent causative yesifo se-Lyme noma i-borreliosis ephathwe ngamakethi
Lesi sifo sibhekene ne-bacterium esivela emndenini we-spirochete obizwa nge-Borrelia.
Ukuziqhenya kwalesi sinyamzimba ukuthi ezinye izifo ezithwala imikhaza, isibonelo, i-encephalitis, idluliselwa ngethala lezinambuzane. I-Borrelia iqala ukwandisa emathunjini ayo futhi iphume ngezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-borreliosis noma isifo seLyme singenwe igciwane nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uma ligaxa esikhumbeni.
Ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya adinga isikhathi sentuthuko, isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesifo, njengomthetho, siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14. Ngokuncane kakhulu kuncane kakhulu (izinsuku eziningana) noma isikhathi eside (kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya eminyakeni emibili kuya kwengu-2-4). Ngezinye izikhathi kunesimo esingenasifo sokukhubazeka.
Izimpawu ze-borreliosis noma isifo seLyme
Kunezigaba ezimbili zokuqhubeka kwesifo:
- ekuqaleni, egeleza ngezigaba ezimbili;
- sekwephuzile (isigaba sesithathu).
Isifo se-Lyme asivami ukutholakala esiteji sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, ngoba izimpawu zayo aziqondile:
- izikhukhula;
- ikhanda;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ubuthakathaka nokukhathala;
- ama-aches emathanjeni nasemisipha, ikakhulukazi entanyeni;
- okungavamile - ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukukhwehlela owomile, ubuhlungu bomphimbo, impumu egijima.
Ngokuvamile, iziguli zine-annaryma annular - reddening ezungeze indawo yokuluma, okuqhubeka ikhula. Esikhathini esizayo, izisulu ziphawula izimpawu ezengeziwe:
- i-urticaria;
- i-conjunctivitis;
- ukuqhuma ebusweni;
- i-photophobia;
- i-hyperesthesia;
- i-meningism;
- i-arthralgia ne-myalgia;
- izimpawu ze-hepatitis (jaundice).
Ezigaba ezimbili, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kwenzeka:
- intamo eqinile;
- ubuhlungu bokuphunga ekhanda;
- encephalopathy yokulinganisela;
- intamo eqinile;
- ukulinganisa ngokomzwelo;
- ukunqotshwa kwesibindi sebuso;
- i-neuritis;
- i-lymphocytoma engenangqondo;
- okungavamile - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-myocarditis ne-pericarditis.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi nesobucayi kwezigaba ezimbili zokuqala (emva kweminyaka engu-0.5-2), i-borreliosis idlulela esigabeni sesithathu sokuqhubekela phambili. Kubhekwa ngu:
- izilonda zesikhumba;
- izifo ze-neurological;
- i-arthritis ephindaphindiwe enesifo;
- i-arthralgia .
Imiphumela yesifo seLyme
Uma lesi sifo sifinyelela esimweni esingapheli, izinkinga ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:
- i-arthritis engapheli, ephelezelwa ukubhujiswa kwezicubu namalungu;
- ukubhujiswa kwamathambo;
- Izinguquko ezishintshayo emisipha;
- i-osteoporosis;
- i-atrophic acrodermatitis.
Ngokuvamile imiphumela yesifo seLyme iyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular, ubuchopho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-borreliosis noma isifo seLyme
Isisekelo sokwelapha esichazwa isifo kubhekwa njengama-antibiotics.
Esikhathini sokuqala, lapho kungekho khona izimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi, izidakamizwa zeTetracycline zibekiwe. Ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa zegazi nezinhliziyo, ama-ceftriaxones kanye ne-penicillin kufanele kufakwe ngaphezu kwalokho. Izigaba kamuva kanye nesimo esingapheli se-borreliosis kuhilela ukwelashwa nama-antibacterial agents ngesenzo eside (Retarpen).
I-scheme eningiliziwe yokwelapha kufanele yenziwe ngumchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo emva kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi nokugqunywa kwamanzi kagesi.
Ukuvimbela Izifo ZaseLyme
Ukuxwayisa ukulunywa nge-tick, kungenzeka ukugcina imithetho elula:
- Gqoka izingubo ezivaliwe, ukuvakashela amapaki namahlathi.
- Sebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ukulungisa izinambuzane.
- Ngemuva kokuthola uphawu, khipha ngokushesha nge-pair of tweezers (ngokunyakaza okuhambayo, ukubambe ngekhanda).
- Ungacindezeli lezinambuzane ngeminwe yakho, emva kokuphatha isikhumba, geza izandla zakho ngesobho noma isisombululo sokulwa nesifo socansi, thintana nodokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo.