ERoma lasendulo, lezi zimbali zazihlobisa izivande ze-patrician, namuhla zifuna ukukhula nazo. I-athikili yethu izokutshela ngemibala ebizwa nge-gladioli, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphesheya kwalokho okungekho okulukhuni.
I-gladiolus ibonakala kanjani?
Izimbali ze- Gladiolus zihlala izitshalo eziyi-tuberous ezivela emndenini we-iris. Amaqabunga awo amancane amancane-aluhlaza afana nezinkemba ezikhaliphile, ngakho unegama elinye - inkemba. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe neziqu eziqinile, ezivela kuzo izimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yemidwebo ehlukahlukene. Enye ye-inflorescence ingaba yi-25 efihlekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa izimbali ezingu-10-12 zivezwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-gladiolus iphela, endaweni ye-buds izithelo-amabhokisi nezinhlamvu zakhiwa. Ngaphansi komhlabathi, lesi sitshalo sinomsindo. Njalo ngonyaka kubuyekezwa. Ibhulo elibelethwayo linikela zonke izakhi ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Kancane kancane, kwakhiwa ama-corms amasha futhi akhule phezu kwawo, lapho kutholakala khona amathole amaningi anyanisi amancane. Zizoba yizinto zokutshala eziyinhloko zokuzalisa i-gladiolus, ukutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokuthi uzoletha izithelo ezibonakalayo.
Izinhlobo ze-gladioli
Uma ufuna ukuthenga i-gladioli, ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokulula, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukhethe uhlobo olufanele lwembali. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-170 zalesi sitshalo esihle kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-gladiolus ezihlanganisa amaqembu amabili:
- ukuhlobisa , okubalulekile ubude be-inflorescence, inani lefihlekile, ubukhulu, umbala kanye nemidwebo yembali;
- ezomnotho - izici ezithathayo ukuphakama kwesitshalo, isikhathi saso sezimbali, ukuzwela kokuhamba nezimo sezulu, izinga lokukhiqiza.
Kuye ngobukhulu bezimbali eziqhakazayo, zonke i-gladioli zihlukaniswe zibe:
- okuncane;
- okuncane-kunwetshiwe;
- i-medium-wavy;
- i-large-flowered;
- giant.
Emaphethelweni amacembe ezimpandeni zibushelelezi futhi zonakalisiwe, ziboshwe futhi ziboshwe. Umbala we-gladiolus ungaba yinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganisa ngokungafani ukuqhathanisa okugqamile nokuguquguquka kancane kwe-shades. Iphalethi lemibala yefihlekile lihlukile, kusukela emibala ekhanyayo egcwele kuze kube yi-shades eluhlaza. Lezi zitshalo zingaba yedwa- no-irowu kabili, futhi i-zigzag. Kuncike ekutheni i-flower buds ihlelwe kanjani ku-inflorescence. Futhi, kuye ngokuthi ukuphakama kwesitshalo, kunezinsizakalo ezincane, ezikhulile, ezilinganiselwe futhi ezide kakhulu.
Lapho ziqhakaza ama-gladioluses?
AmaFlorist ahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-gladioli, lapho izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zezimbali zihlukene:
- kusheshe kakhulu;
- kuqala;
- phakathi nesikhathi;
- isilinganiso;
- phakathi nesikhathi sekwephuzile;
- ukuphumula;
- sekwephuzile kakhulu.
Ama-gladiolus asekuqaleni aqhuma phakathi no-Julayi, aphakathi kwe-Agasti, futhi ngo-September. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma kwe-gladioli enhle kuthonywa kakhulu yisimo sezulu nesimo sezulu sendawo. Emthonjeni obandayo noma uma kunganamanzi okwanele, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kunganciphisa noma kume. Uma ufuna izitshalo zakho ozithandayo ziqhakaze ngangokunokwenzeka, i-topside kanye nokunakekelwa ngaphandle kufanele kube ngokwanele ezimweni zesimo sezulu esifundeni.
Ukutshala i-gladiolus
Ukuze izimbali zijabulise umbono wazo omuhle, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi angatshala kanjani i-gladioli. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha indawo efanelekayo yokufika kwawo. Kumele kube indawo enelanga, enomoya omuhle. Inhlabathi yalezi zimbali kufanele ibe yi-chernozem, i-loam elula ne-sandy loam. Isiqephu kufanele sikhuliswe ngokufaka umanyolo we- nitrogen , isibonelo, urea ngesilinganiso esingu-15 g ngalinye nge-1 sq.m. Sigubha umhlaba ku-bayonet ye-spade bese ususa wonke ukhula. I-Gladiolus, ukufika nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile, okungeke kukuthathe isikhathi esiningi, ngeke kukuthwale.
Indlela yokulungisa i-gladioli yokutshala entwasahlobo?
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-gladioli kumele kuhlanjululwe kusuka esikalini. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba ubone izibonakaliso zezifo ekutshalweni kokutshala futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle kwazo. Kwabaqalayo kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukwazi ukuthi uzokwenzani i-gladioli ngaphambi kokutshala. Ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali ngalokhu, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ukumnika ugarlic. Ukuze uyipheke, udinga ukuguqa amagremu angu-300 kagalikhi ku-grinder yenyama bese uthele amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Ama-bulbs nezinsana zibhapathizwa kwisisombululo esinjalo samahora amabili. Ukuze uthole ukungenwa yi-disinfection, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se- potassium permanganate .
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-gladioluses?
Isimo sezulu sasekuseni sinzinzile kakhulu futhi sinamandla. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwazi uma ungatshala i-gladioli emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanelekile ukulalela iseluleko sabachwepheshe. Izimbali zincoma ukuthi ziqondise ukushisa komhlabathi lapho utshayela i-gladioli. Isikhathi sokutshala esizayo sizofika lapho inhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-10-12 cm iqhuma kuze kube yi-10 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala kahle i-gladiolus?
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukujula kwe-gladiolus okufanele itshalwe, umuntu kufanele alalele iseluleko sabantu abanolwazi. Ukutshala i-gladiolus esakhiweni yenza umbhede ngemigqa yokujula okuhlukene: 15 cm - ama-large, 9 cm - okuphakathi futhi, ngisho nangaphansi - kwezingane. Ngaphansi komsele, isihlabathi esincane sithelwa, isithombo sokutshala senziwa futhi inhlabathi ifafazwe ngendlala ka 2-3 cm. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutshala okujulile kwama-corms kuzoholela ekuqhumeni kwe-gladiolus ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Futhi uma ihlobo lipholile, ukuhlwanyela okunjalo kuzoba lula kakhulu ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kanye ne-bacterial.
Indlela yokunakekela i-gladioli?
Ukutshala i-gladioli nokuzinakekela kufanele kube kuhle kakhulu. Uma amaqabunga ekhula, inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo izodingeka ihlanganiswe nama-humus kuze kube ngu-5 cm ubukhulu. Lokhu kuzovikela inhlabathi ekushiseni nokushisa amanzi emanzini ashisayo. I-peduncles ebonakalayo ngefihlekile, uma kunesidingo, kufanele ihlanganiswe nezikhonkwane, futhi izimbali ezomile kufanele zisuswe njalo. Njengoba ukhula luphazamisa ukukhula nokububula kwe-gladioli, izitshalo kufanele zihlonywe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesikhathi sehlobo. Izimbali ezinhle i-gladioli, ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kwazo zizokwenza ingadi yakho ibe yi-oasis yangempela ekhula.
Ukunakekela i-gladioli - ukuchelela
Ukukhula okulungile kwe-gladiolus akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuchelela njalo okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo ikakhulukazi, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke. Isikhathi esihle sokunisela izitshalo ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi - ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi nge-1 sq. Km. M. Kuphela ngamanzi amaningi, inhlabathi izomiswa kuze kufike ku-30-40 cm. Amanzi angcono phakathi komugqa, azama ukungena amanzi emaqabunga ezitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba kufanele ukhululeke. Uma ufuna ukugwema ukusila njalo futhi ukhulule, vala inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo nge umquba noma humus.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-gladiolus
Ukukhula kwe-gladioli emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kuhambisane nokudla kwabo. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke semifino gladioli singadliwa izikhathi ezinhlanu:
- Ekuqaleni kokukhula, izimbali zidinga i-nitrogen. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, amaqabunga aphulika, futhi izimbali zibuthakathaka. Ukufaka umquba wokuqala nge-urea kufanele kwenziwe ezinkampanini zesigaba 2-3. Ukufaka esikhundleni salomanyolo kungaba ukunyuswa kwe-mullein, umquba wenkukhu noma umanyolo ohlaza.
- Ukufaka umquba wesibili nge- nitrogen-potassium umanyolo kwenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga 3-4.
- Ukudla okwesithathu kumaqabunga ama-5-6, i-potassium sulfate isetshenzisiwe, okuthuthukisa umzimba, ukwandisa ukuphikiswa kwezifo nokumelana okubandayo kwezitshalo.
- Okwesine, i- gladioli yondliwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-peduncle, isebenzisa le nitrophosphate, i-kemira, i-nitroamophoska. Ukuze izimbali ze-gladiolus zibe zikhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi amanzi amanzi ngaphansi kwesitshalo anesisombululo se-boric acid.
- Owesihlanu , ukugqoka kokugcina okuphezulu, kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Isebenzisa superphosphate, potassium sulfate. NgoSeptemba, ungamanzi i-gladioli ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Kuzoba yi-potassium efaka umquba, futhi i-disinfection.
Izifo ze-gladioli
Lezimbali ezimangalisayo, njengezinye izitshalo, zijwayele izifo ezihlukahlukene. Kunezifo ezinjalo ze-gladioli njenge:
- i-mushroom - eyingozi kunazo zonke phakathi kwayo yi-fusariosis, eyomile omnyama ne-gray gray. Izitshalo ezithintekayo zikhula kabi, amaqabunga alo aphikisiwe, aphuzi futhi aphume. Nge-anyanisi, kutholakala izindawo ezibomvu ezibomvu;
- Ama-bacterium yi-scallop ye-gladioli. Ngalo, iziqongo zamaqabunga ziyabuna. Bese boma. Isiqu esisebunzini siphume futhi siphume. Ama-Corms ahlanganiswe namabala amnyama nesibomvu;
- umbala womklamo we- viral - i-cacao, i-yellow yellow bean, i-ring spot of utamatisi. Lezi amagciwane, ezidlula ezitshalweni ezihambelanayo, zimangaze i-gladioli, zibavimbele ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlumeni.
Izinambuzane ze-gladioli
Njengezinye izitshalo, i-gladiolus engadini ingahlaselwa yizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene:
- i-thrips - inkathazo eyinhloko yalezi zimbali, esiphuza ijusi kusuka emigqeni kanye namaqabunga esihlahla. Izindlela zokulawula zihlanganisa ukufiphala nge-Phytoverm, decis, ukuvunwa kokuqala kwama-bulb, ukuwagcina ekushiseni okungadluli + 8 ° С;
- i-wireman ithinta ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-gladiolus futhi iyithwala yezifo ze-bacterial and viral. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, ukuhlaselwa kwezitshalo ezivela emthonjeni, ukushisa ehlobo ejulile kanye nokulawula ukhula njalo kuyasetshenziswa;
- ama-aphid - enye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezondla ijusi yesitshalo. Ukubhubhisa ama-aphid, izitshalo ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali noma amakhambi omuntu;
- Isikole segadini sinciphisa umonakalo omkhulu ku-gladioli, kulimaza amahlumela nezimbali zesitshalo. Ngokumelene ne-scoop, izitshalo zingelashwa nge-infusion yegalikhi nesasense yokuhlanza.