Lezi zimbali ezinhle ezinhle zafika kithi zivela e-Afrika naseMedithera. Manje kunezinhlobo ezingu-5,000 futhi unyaka ngamunye kunezinto eziningi. Kusukela ku-bulb ye-gladiolus, amaqabunga amancane we-hulu bluish akhula, afana ne-blade futhi afinyelela ku-70-150 cm ubude. Izimbali zalo ezinamapulangwe ezinezintambo eziyisithupha ezingalingani zihlangene zibe yi-inflorescence yokuphawula, okungaba yinye-eceleni, emaceleni amabili noma ngokuvunguza. Imbali ihamba emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nambili futhi endaweni yayo izithelo zivuthiwe (ibhokisi elinembewu). Kuye lapho i-gladioli ikhula emva kokutshala, ihlukaniswe yaba:
- ekuseni kakhulu - emva kwezinsuku ezingu 65-70;
- izinsuku zokuqala - 71-74;
- phakathi nesikhathi-izinsuku ezingu-75-79;
- isilinganiso - izinsuku ezingu-80-84;
- isilinganiso sekwephuzile - izinsuku ezingu-85-90;
- kamuva - ezinsukwini ezingu-91-95;
- sekwephuzile kakhulu - izinsuku ezingu-100-140.
I-Gladiolus: ukukhula nokuzilungisa
Ukuze uhlakulele ngempumelelo i-gladiolus ensimini oyidingayo: indawo efanele, ukuphuza, ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokususwa okudingekayo kokhula nokudla okujwayelekile.
Izitshalo ze-Gladiolus nezithombe zokushisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzitshala esiqhingini sezulu esingenamoya ngesitshalo esihle, esilula, esiphefumulayo nesivundile.
I-Gladiolus idinga ukuchelela okuningi, okungenani kanye ngesonto (4-5 amabhakede ngehora le-1m2), ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ekhulayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuswakama okunamandla.
Kusukela ekubukeni kwamashidi okuqala kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-fertilizer amaminerali aziswa masonto onke noma ngeviki ngamanani amancane, ngoba ukuphakama kanye nekhwalithi yezimbali kuxhomeke ekudleni nasekuphikeleni kwe-gladiolus ezifweni. Uma ungazi kanjani ukondla i-gladioli, khona-ke ungenza isisombululo se-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (40g: 40g: 30g) bese uhlanza ebhakedeni lamanzi.
I-Gladiolus etshalwe emasimini, awukwazi ukushiya ebusika endaweni evulekile. Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ama-bulbs kufanele avunwe ukuze kubusike, futhi ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, njalo endaweni entsha.
Indlela yokutshala i-gladioli?
Le mbali isitshala kalula engadini. Kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi ufanele kangakanani nokuthi ungakanani ukujula okudingayo ukutshala i-gladioli. Sidinga ukwenza lokhu ngokwe-algorithm elandelayo:
- Inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokutshala, thola ama-bulbs, uwaqede bese uwafaka emabhokisini, okumele afakwe endaweni eyomile, efudumele futhi efudumele.
- Lungisa inhlabathi: engeza amanzi, ugobe ekwindla, ukondle umquba ophilayo emthonjeni (engeza phosphorus).
- Ukuthutha kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma maphakathi no-May emhlabathini ufuthe ku-10 ° C. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-corms nezingane, qinisa kuqala amahora angu-1 -2 ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-sulfate ye-copper ukuze kutholakale izifo ze-fungal. Bese bema ubusuku obunye ekungeneni kwezinkuni.
- Lungisa imigodi ngokucishe ibe ngu-20 cm. Ukujula kokutshala kuncike ngobukhulu be-bulb ngokwalo futhi kufanele kufane cishe izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ubukhulu bayo. Ama-bulbs abekwe phansi kwe-groove ebangeni lika-15-20 cm komunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi sokufika, ama-grooves kanye nemithombo kufanele iphuze.
- Fafaza inhlabathi ngendwangu ka-2-5 cm.
- 3-4 izinsuku emva kokuvela kwamahlumela, njengoba zikhula, zifafaze ngenhlabathi, kuze kube yilapho umhlaba wonke ulingana.
I-Gladiolus: izifo nezinambuzane
I-Gladiolus isengozini yezifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Izifo ezivame kakhulu kuye ziyi-fusariosis, i-grey, eyomile neyomile kanzima, isikhumba. Ekulwa nabo kuyasiza:
- kusuka ezifweni ze-fungal - ukuphalaza ngesisombululo sokuphuza noma i-soda calcined;
- kusuka kuma-causative agents of fusariosis kanye nokutshala - ukutshala phakathi kwemigqa yegalikhi, i-marigold, i-nasturtium, i-calendula, nama-bulbs ezitshalo ezithintekile kumele zilahlwe;
- kusuka kuma- thrips nama- aphid, kutuswa ukusebenzisa i-karate nokudla okusheshayo (1-2 ml / 10 amalitha amanzi);
- kusuka earwig - ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-decis, fufanon noma i-carbofos;
- kusuka ku- slugs - ukumbamba nokufafaza kwamathrekhi nge-superphosphate, umlotha, uthuli othuza ugwayi.
Kuye ngokuthi uzothatha kanjani i-gladioli yakho, uzothola izimbali ezinjalo njengomphumela.