Ukolweni webusika

Ukolweni webusika ungenye yezitshalo eziyigugu kakhulu futhi ezigcwele emhlabeni. Inani lokusanhlamvu lithathwa ngokuqukethwe kwamanoni, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate nezinye izinto kanye nama-microelements kuwo. Ngezinga lamaprotheni okuqukethwe, kungukukolweni kwasebusika okudlula zonke izitshalo.

Njengoba kuyaziwa, ufulawa wekolweni usetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza isinkwa, embonini ye-confectionery, futhi kuveza i-pasta, semolina. Izitshalo zenza isitashi, utshwala njalonjalo. Futhi ukuchitheka okuvela ezimbonini zokuphuza utshwala nokuguqulwa kuba ukudla okubalulekile kwezilwane.

Izinhlobo zobolweni busika

Namuhla yihlobo olusakazeka kakhulu lwekolweni, olunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 nezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziningana. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukolweni ubusika:

• "Rosinka Tarasovskaya";
• "Ubukhosi";
• "Nemchinovskaya-24";
• "Umbusi weDon";
• "UMoscow-39";
• "I-Tarasovo ukukhwabanisa";
• "Lyubava Odesskaya";
• "Ukrainka Poltava",
• "Lada Odessa";
• "Mironovskaya 65";
• "Mironovskaya 66";
• "Lelya";
• "Kharkov 105".

Ngokuvamile, ukolweni ubusika uhlukaniswe amandla kafulawa ube:

1. Ukolweni onamandla ukolweni obuncane obunamaprotheni amaningi, i-gluten yeqembu lokuqala lekhwalithi, elihlinzeka ngesinkwa esiphezulu sokudla. Kuthuthukisa izindawo zofulawa kusuka ukolweni obuthakathaka.
2. Isilinganiso sokolweni - eneprotheni encane ne gluten (iqembu lesithathu lekhwalithi). Ngokuvamile, inezakhiwo ezinhle zokubhaka, kodwa ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa ufulawa kusuka kukolweni obuthakathaka.
3. Ukolweni obuthakathaka uphansi kwamaprotheni kanye ne-gluten. Ukukhula okuvela kuwo kunikeza isinkwa sekhwalithi empofu nge-porosity encane nomthamo omncane.
4. Ukolo oluyigugu - ngekhwalithi yokusanhlamvu liseduze, kepha aluhambisani nemingcele eminingana.

Ukukhula kolweni kakusika

Ngenxa yesimiso sezinto ezibuthakathaka, ukolweni wasebusika udinga kakhulu abandulele, kanye nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, isimo saso semvelo. Izandulela ezihle ziyizitshalo zokuvuna zakuqala: izitshalo zommbila , ummbila , ukunye okunye okufana nokolweni, i-rapeseed, amazambane asekuqaleni nowaphakathi, oats .

Ukulungiswa komhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukolweni ubusika kuqukethe ukulimala ngezintambo noma amakati. Ubuso kufanele bubekwe kahle - ukuphakama kwama-crest ngemuva kokulima akukwazi ukudlula u-2 cm. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukusabalalisa okufanako nokujula okufana nokuhlwanyela kwembewu.

Njengoba ukolweni webusika kuthakazelisa kakhulu izinga lezakhi zomhlabathi kanye ne-asidi yayo, kuyadingeka ukuba u-fertilize ngaphambili, unikeze amavithamini nezakhi, futhi ugcine ne-pH ka-6.5-7. Njengoba ama-fertilizer asebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-organic, phosphoric-potassium, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo engeza izitrojeni ze-nitrogen.

Imigomo yokuhlwanyela ukolweni wasebusika ihlukahluka kuye ngezimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimo zezulu, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso lesi sikhathi siwela ngoSepthemba 10-20. Indlela yokuhlwanyela - umugqa ngemigqa ehlukanisa ububanzi obuyi-15 cm.

Ukolweni kanye nobusika bekolweni - umehluko

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kwazo. Ngakho, ubusika buhlwanyelwa kusukela ekwindla kanti isivuno sivunwa ehlobo elizayo. Ngesikhathi intwasahlobo isitshalo ihlwanyiswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti isivuno sivuna ekwindla konyaka ofanayo.

Izinhlobo zasebusika zihluma ngaphambi kobusika, entwasahlobo ziqhubeka nokukhula kwazo futhi zivuthiwe kakhulu ngaphambi kwezinhlobo zentwasahlobo. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo zasebusika ziveza ukuvuna okuvuthiwe, kodwa zingatshalwa kuphela ezindaweni ezinobusika beqhwa namazulu amancane. Ngaphandle kwekhava eliphakeme leqhwa, ukolweni uzokhipha nje.

Kanjani okunye okuzohlukanisa ukolweni wasebusika kusukela entwasahlobo ka-spring: ukolweni kakusika kunomsola ongaphezu komsoco futhi kunamakhono okubhaka okungcono, nakuba angakhiqizi kancane. Ukolweni webusika udinga umhlaba.

Ukolweni webusika ukhula esifundeni seCentral Black Earth, eNyakatho Caucasus nasebhange elingakwesokudla seVolga. Spring - e-Urals, eSiberia naseTrans-Volga.