Ukhula luyizivakashi ezingadingeki engadini yethu. Bayekela ukukhanya namanzi ezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe esizikhathalelayo. Ukujwayela izimo zokuphila kwezitshalo eziwusizo, ukhula lukhula eduze kwazo futhi lulimaze izitshalo.
Izinhlobo zokhula
Izitshalo zokhula zihlukaniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Ngendlela yokudla umsila uhlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- i-parasitic;
- semi-parasitic;
- hhayi izidakamizwa.
Ukhula lwama-parasitic alunawo amaqabunga futhi luyizimpande ezithuthukile, ngakho-ke zixhomeke ngokuphelele kumphathi, zondla ngezindleko zakhe. Kunezinhlanga nezimpande zokhula. Ama-parasites we-stem akhula ngeziqu zomninimzi futhi ancelise izakhi kanye namanzi kuwo. Futhi izimpande zezimpande zikhetha ukuhlala ezimpandeni.
Ukhula lwama-Semiparasitic lungakwazi ukuthatha izithombe kanye nokuthola amanzi namaminerali kuphela kusuka kumlindi, ngokuvamile uvale i-rye rye, uncelise izimpande zawo.
Ukhula olune-nonparasitic luye lwathuthukisa izimpande futhi luncane futhi lungapheli.
Ukhula lwamashukela
Ukhula lwamashukela luzala ngambewu futhi aluhlali iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Nabo, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:
- ephemeral - banomphefumulo omfushane kakhulu, kodwa ngehlobo elilodwa bayakwazi ukusakazeka ngensimu enkulu;
- izitshalo zasentwasahlobo zakuqala - zihlambalaza izitshalo ezitshalwe ezikhathini zokuqala (oats, ibhali, njll);
- entwasahlobo ephuzile - ukuhluma okusheshayo kwesikhathi eside, lapho inhlabathi isivele ishisa futhi ikhanya kahle;
- ubusika - qala ukukhula ekwindla, yakha uhlelo oluhle lwempande, kanti entwasahlobo, i-overwinter, ithuthuke ngokushesha futhi iqale ukuqhuma;
- Izitshalo zasebusika zifana nokuthuthukiswa kwebusika, kodwa ngesikhathi sehlobo azikwazi ukukhulula amahlumela athela izithelo, futhi iningi lama-sunrises azovela ekwindla kuphela;
- iminyaka emibili - ngokuthuthukiswa kwabo idinga izinkathi ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sehlobo lokuqala bahlakulela, baqinise uhlelo lwempande, kanti ngonyaka wesibili babe nezithelo, emva kwalokho bafa.
Ukhula olumi njalo
Ukhula olumi njalo luyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokusabalalisa imbewu nezithelo, bangakwazi ukwandisa ngama-rhizomes nama-bulbs. Ukhula olungapheli luhlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- ukhula oluqotshwe ukhula, ukuthuthukisa izimpande ezinamandla eziwela emhlabathini ukuya ku-2 m. Ukuhlanganisa, izimpande zinganikeza izitshalo ezintsha;
- izimpande ezinomsoco ezinomsoco ngezimpande ze-filiform ezithuthukile, zimboze izitshalo zokhula okungapheli, izingqimba zomgwaqo;
- ukhula lwama-rhizome, izitho zokubeletha ezingaphansi komhlaba ezilinganayo - ama-rhizomes;
- Ukhula lwama-root lukhula foci, izimpande zawo zinikeza izinzalo eziningana, ezakha uhlelo lwempande enamandla.
Ukulawula ukhula
Imisebenzi yokuhlela ukulawula ukhula, udinga ukucabangela izici zazo eziphilayo. Inhlobo ngayinye ibuswa yinhlobo eyodwa, kufanele ikhokhwe ngokukhethekile ekubhujisweni kokhula.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinyathelo zokulawula ukhula
Ukwahlukanisa kusekelwe ezicini ezimbili: uhlobo lokhula kanye nezindlela zokubhujiswa.
Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala, sihlukanisa indlela ye-agrotechnical yokulwa nokhula, ehlukaniswe ku:
- ukuvimbela, okubandakanya ukuhlanzwa kwembewu, ukufika lapho khona imbewu yokhula, ukuvuna okufika ngesikhathi, ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi yokudla kwesilwane nokugcina kahle umquba;
- Ukubhubhisa, okuhloswe ekubhujisweni kwemihlumela yembewu kanye yemifino emhlabathini;
- ukuhlukanisa uhlangothi, okuhlobene nokhula lokuhlukanisa okungahambisani nendawo enikeziwe, kodwa kungeniswa ngaphandle.
- Ngesibonakaliso sesibili, izindlela zomzimba, ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali, zamakhemikhali, eziphilayo, eziphilayo, eziphilayo, nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyahlukahluka.
Ukhula oluwusizo
Ukulwa nokhula, asikho ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi kungadliwa futhi kusebenziseke. Ngentwasahlobo, ukhula lungakwazi ukwengeza ukudla kwethu ngamavithamini, futhi ukuwasebenzisa njengezinhlayiya kungasusa izifo eziningi.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zokhula zasentwasahlobo ziyadliwa, futhi ithuba lokudla ubuthi kakhulu. Ukudla kuhlanganisa i-quinoa, i-plantain, amaqabunga e-dandelion, i-wheatgrass - ingafakwa esaladini. Ukubukeka, i-sorrel ne-clover kuyengezwa ku-isobho.
Kumanyolo okwelapha yi-nettle. I-Vitamin C kuyo ingaphezu kwama-lemon izikhathi ezingu-5. Ukuphuza ikhofi, equkethe i-chicory yasendle, kusiza kahle nge-hypertension, i-gastritis, i-hepatitis. Ku-dandelion, izakhi eziningi zokulandelela eziwusizo, isibonelo, i-phosphorus, ithusi, i-boron, i-cobalt. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-dill. Iqukethe amafutha abalulekile namavithamini B noP.