I-endocarditis ye-Infective iyisifo esibangela izindonga zangaphakathi zenhliziyo (i-endocardium) nezitsha ezinkulu eziseduze, kanye nezivinji zenhliziyo. I-endocarditis ephathekayo ibangelwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezincane ezincane:
- streptococci;
- i-staphylococci;
- i-enterococci;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- isikhunta se-Candida, njll.
Amathuba okuphela kwe-endocarditis ezithathelwanayo
Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuthinta i-valve heart valve inhliziyo noma i-endocardium. Iqembu eliyingozi lihlanganisa iziguli ezinokulimala kwe-rheumatic, atherosclerotic and traumatic valve. Futhi, lesi sifo sivame kubantu abanezifo ze-valve nama-pacemakers wokufakelwa. Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-endocarditis ezithathelwanayo iyanda nge-infusions yesikhathi eside futhi imelene ne-immunodeficiency states.
Izimpawu ze-endocarditis yokuphefumula
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo yilokhu:
- umkhuhlane (njalo noma wavy);
- ukuthuthumela;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukukhathala;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni;
- i-tachycardia;
- isisindo somzimba esinciphile;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
- isikhumba esomile;
- ukuqhuma isikhumba;
- ukubola kwe-retina, njll.
I-endocarditis ye-infective - i-classification
Kuze kube yilapho nje, i-endocarditis esithathelwanayo ihlukaniswe yaba yinto elula futhi ehlukumezayo. Namuhla lesi sigama asisetshenzisiwe, kanti lesi sifo sibalwa kanje.
Ngokwezifiso:
- i-valve yomuthi wesokunxele;
- i-valve yesisu esesokunxele (ekuqaleni nangesemuva);
- ngakwesokudla;
- ezihlobene nokufakwa kwedivayisi.
Ngendlela yokutheleleka:
- ehlobene nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha;
- ngaphandle kwesibhedlela;
- ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Ngokusho kwesimo sesifo:
- okusebenzayo;
- buyabuyiselwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-endocarditis engaphelele
Ukuthola ukuhlonza okuqondile, izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga ziyadingeka:
- i-palpation ne-percussion yenhliziyo;
- ukuvivinya kwegazi emitholampilo kanye negazi (multiple);
- i-echocardiography.
Izinkinga ze-endocarditis ezithathelwanayo
Ngesi sifo, ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izitho, kubangele izifo ezilandelayo:
- Kusuka ezinsweni: i-glomerulonephritis, i-nephrotic syndrome, i-nephritis eqondile, ukuhluleka kwe-renal acute.
- Kusukela esibindi: i- cirrhosis , isibindi, isibungu.
- Kusukela ohlangothini lwesipeni: i-abscess, i-splenomegaly, i-infarction.
- Kusukela eceleni kwamaphaphu: ukucindezeleka kwegazi, i-infarction pneumonia, i-abscess.
- Kusukela ohlangothini lwesimiso sezinzwa zesisindo: i-abscess cerebral, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-cerebral circulation, i- meningitis , i-meningoencephalitis, i-hemiplegia.
- Kusukela ohlangothini lwezitsha: i-thromboses, i-vasculitis, ne-aneurysms.
Uma i-endocarditis esithathelwanayo ingelashwa, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezibulalayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-septic;
- ukwehluleka komzimba okuningi;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo enzima;
- ukumbumbana ebuchosheni.
Ukwelashwa kwe-endocarditis yokuphefumula
Lapho ukuxilongwa "kwe-endocarditis ephuthumayo" kuqhubeka ngokushesha ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic. Ukuzikhethela kwalesi sidakamizwa kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-pathogen nokuzwela kwayo kuma-antibiotics. Isidakamizwa senziwa nge-intravenously ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwezijovo (ukugcina ukuhlushwa okunamandla kwemithi elwa namagciwane egazini). Futhi, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izidakamizwa ze-diuretics, antiarrhythm, njll zingabekwa. Isikhathi sokwelashwa okungenani inyanga. Ngenkathi yokwelashwa, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okuxilongwa kwenziwa.
Ukwelashwa okudingekayo kuyadingeka lapho:
- ukungabi nomthelela omuhle we-antibiotic therapy;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo engapheli;
- i-sepsis;
- i-abscess yenhliziyo;
- ukubandakanyeka kwinqubo ye-valve ye-prosthesis;
- ukuphindaphinda okuvamile.
I-prophylaxis ye-endocarditis yokuphefumula
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, okubandakanya ukuthatha ama-antibiotics, kwenziwa ezigulini ezisengozini ezimweni ezinjalo:
- ngamazinyo nakweminye imizamo emlonyeni, emanzini, emaphethweni wokuphefumula nasezindlebeni eziphakathi, ezihambisana nokuphuma kwegazi;
- ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwamathumbu kanye nezinwele.