Igazi liqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlukene nezakhi. Ngokuvamile sizwa ngamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ama-leukocyte, amaplatelets. Batshelwa ngabo ngesikhathi sokufunda kwe-anatomy. Empeleni, esikoleni sesikole, kukhona okukhulunywa ngakho kokubili nge-ALT ne-AST, kanye nokujwayelekile kwabo besifazane. Kodwa, njengomthetho, lolu lwazi ludlula ngokuphepha ezindlebeni futhi likhohliwe.
Isimiso se-ALT ne-AST egazini labesifazane
Lezi zinto ziseqembu lama-enzyme. I-AST - i-aspartate aminotransferase - ingxenye yegazi, eyenza ukuhamba kwe-amino acid aspartate kusuka ku-biomolecule eyodwa kuya kwesinye. I-ALT - alanine aminotranserase - i-enzyme eyenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuthutha i-alanine. Kokubili ukuthi, nezinye izinto zenziwa nge-intracellularly futhi egazini lithola kancane.
Ngokwezifiso, i-ALT egazini labesifazane akufanele ibe ngamayunithi angaphezu kuka-30 kuya kwangu-32 ngetitha ngalinye. Futhi inani lama-ASTs lingashintsha amayunithi angu-20 kuya kwangu-40. Uma izinkomba zihlukana nendawo evamile kuya kwesilinganiso esikhulu noma esincane, umzimba uguquka. Futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi aziyingozi, kuhle ukuba ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe.
Yiziphi ukwehluka kwe-AST ne-ALT kusukela ekujwayelekile ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi kwegazi?
Inamba encane ye-enzyme ingabuye ishintshe emzimbeni womuntu onempilo. Ithonya ngalokhu likwazi:
- ukuzama ngokweqile ngokomzimba;
- ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside imishanguzo enamandla (antibiotics, barbiturates, izidakamizwa zezokwelapha, izidakamizwa, ukukhulelwa kwe-hormonal);
- ukulimala;
- ngaphambi nje kokusebenza.
Ngokuvamile i-ALT idlula kakhulu evamile kubesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukuphambuka akubhekwa njengento ephawulekayo, futhi akusho ukuthi isifo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko yishintsho emlandweni we-hormonal. Ngokujwayelekile, izinga lama-enzyme libuyela ngokushesha ngokujwayelekile.
Okubalulekile ukuphambuka, amashumi, ngisho namakhulu amaningi izikhathi ezihlukile kunani elivamile. Ngaphezulu kwezilinganiso ze-ALT ne-AST, lezi zici ziyi:- Ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo izinga le-alanine aminotransferase ku-hepatitis. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwe-ALT ne-AST, uhlobo lwe-"A" uhlobo lwempilo lunqunywa ngisho neviki elilodwa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwezimpawu zayo zokuqala.
- I-cirrhosis yesibindi - lesi sifo siyimfihlo kakhulu. Isikhathi eside izimpawu zakhe zingase zingabonakali. Futhi isici esisheshayo sokukhathala lesi sifo sibhalwe ngosuku olulandelayo olubi. Uma umuzwa wokukhathala uzokuhlukumeza ngokuphikelela okungenakuphika, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izinga lika-alanine aminotransferase lizobonisa ukuthi kukhona yini isizathu sokukhathazeka.
- Ukudlulela kokujwayelekile kwe-ALT ne-AST ekuhlaziyweni kungase kubonise ukuthi i-infarction ye-myocardial. Lesi sifo sibhekene nemvelaphi yokuphazamiseka okujikelezayo futhi sibonakala ngokufa kwezicubu zenhliziyo.
- I-Mononucleosis nayo ingathathwa nenani le-enzyme. Lesi yisifo sesisu esithathelwanayo, lapho ukuguqulwa kwegazi kuphela kungaguquki, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwesibindi nesipere kuyabonakala.
- Ukukhombisa ukwanda kwenani le-ALT ne-AST kungase kube nge-steatosis, isifo lapho amangqamuzana amafutha athola khona isibindi ngobuningi.
Ukuze kuhlaziywe ukukhombisa isithombe esithembekile, ngaphambi kokuzinikela umuntu akufanele adle ukudla okunzima, utshwala. Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi, udokotela kumele axwayiswe ngalokhu.
I-ALT ne-AST ngezansi evamile
Ngokwehla okubukhali ku-aspartate aminotransferase kanye ne-alanine aminotranserase, izazi zihlangana kaningi kakhulu. Inkinga evame kakhulu yilapho:
- ukulimala kwesibindi esikhulu;
- ukungabi nevithamini B6 emzimbeni.