Amaholide ku-Israyeli

Abahambi abafika kwa-Israyeli , okokuqala, bazimisele ukujwayele amasiko amasiko kulelizwe. Inendima ebalulekile kulokhu idlalwe ngamaholidi ka-Israyeli, okuyinto ngobuningi bawo ihlobene kakhulu nezinkolo nezinkolelo zenkolo futhi isekelwe ezenzakalweni ezikhanyisiwe ezincwadini ezingcwele. Kukhona namaholide anjalo, ahlobene nezinsuku ezimbi ezenzeka emlandweni wabantu bamaJuda.

Izici zamaholide ku-Israyeli

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zamaholide amaJuda ukuthi izinsuku zabo zibekwe ngokuvumelana nekhalenda ye-lunisolar, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu ekhethekile yokubala kuyisici. Ukuqala kwezinyanga kubangelwa ukuphela kwenyanga, ngalesi sizathu, ngenyanga ngayinye kunezinsuku ezingu-29-30. Ngakho-ke, unyaka owakhiwe kusukela ezinyangeni ezinjalo awuhambisani ne "sunny", umehluko cishe izinsuku ezingu-12. Uma sicabanga ngomjikelezo weminyaka engu-19, khona-ke phakathi neminyaka engu-7 kunenyanga eyengeziwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-adar futhi ihlanganisa izinsuku ezingu-29.

Kuye ngokuthi kunqatshelwe kanjani ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi, amaholide akwa-Israyeli angahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ibe yizigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Amaholide, umsebenzi ovinjelwe ngokuqinile - Shabbat neYom Kippur .
2. Akukho msebenzi ovunyelwe ngaphandle kokupheka - Rosh HaShanah , Shavuot , Simhat Torah , Pesach , Shmini Atzeret , Sukkot .
3. Izinsuku eziwela phakathi kwePasach kanye namaholide amaSukot - umsebenzi kuphela ongenakwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuvunyelwe.
4. I-Purim ne- Hanukkah - lokhu akunconywa ukwenza noma yiliphi ibhizinisi, kodwa uma kunesidingo - kungenzeka.
5. Amaholide angenawo isimo somyalo ( 15 Shvat noLag Baomer ) - phakathi nalokhu ungasebenza.
6. Amaholidi, angavunyelwe ukusebenza - yiLusuku lokuzimela, usuku lwe-Israel Heroes , usuku lweJerusalema , lubonisa izinsuku ezithile ezingakhohlwa emlandweni wabantu bamaJuda.

Amaholidi ase-Israel abhekene nezici ezihlukile:

1. Ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi, okwakhiwa ngemigomo yenkolo.
2. Kuyinto evamile ukuzijabulisa (lokhu akusebenzi kumaposi we-Yom Kippur nemikhosi). Uma kwenzeka ukuthi usuku lweholide luhambisana nokulila kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokufa, kufanele livuselelwe ngosuku olulandelayo.
3. Kuyinto evamile ukudla, ngaphambi kwalokho isibusiso phezu kwewayini (kiddush) sisho.
4. Umhlangano wawo wonke amalungu omphakathi ubanjwe ngombono wokubamba umkhosi omkhulu.
5. Ukuqala kwamaholide kuhambisana nokushona kwelanga, okuyinto amaJuda afanekisela ukuzalwa kosuku olusha.
6. Umthetho womnandi usebenza kubo bonke abantu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili, iminyaka yobudala, isimo somphakathi.

Amaholide kazwelonke ku-Israyeli

E-Israyeli, amaholide amaningi kazwelonke agujwa, ahlobene nomunye usuku oluthile lwenkolo. Okudumile kunazo zonke:

1. I-Shabbat igujwa njalo ngoMgqibelo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinkolelo zenkolo ezithi izinsuku ezingu-6 ngeviki zenzelwe umsebenzi, kanti usuku lwesikhombisa lungukuphumula. NgoMgqibelo, kunqatshelwe ukulungisa ukudla, ngakho-ke lolu suku lusetshenziswa, olwalulungiswa ngobusuku beLwesihlanu bese lufudumala ngaphezu kokushisa okuphansi. Uma ngabe yikuphi okuthunyelwe okuhambisana neSabatha, kufanele ihlehliswe ngosuku olulandelayo. Kunezikhathi zokugcoba, ezihambisana nomkhuleko owaziwa ngokukhethekile - ukuphazamiseka. NgoMgqibelo, amakhandlela avuliwe futhi izingubo ezinhle zigqoke. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zimisa umsebenzi wazo, futhi kuphela itekisi isebenza ekuthuthweni.
2. I-Rosh Chodesh (Inyanga Entsha) - ibhekisela embukisweni, ihambelana nokuqala kwenyanga entsha. Lolu suku lubuye luhambisane nokudla kwemikhosi, okugcinwe nomndeni nabangane. Isevisi yenziwa, isici esivela kuso isiko lokuthungela emipayipi. Umsebenzi ungenziwa kuphela yilowo ongakwazi ukuhlehliswa kwesinye isikhathi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.
3. Okuthunyelwe - kugubha ngenkumbulo yokubhujiswa kweThempeli futhi kufanekisela ukudabuka kwabantu bamaJuda. Lezi zinsuku kuyisiko ukuhlaziya izenzo zabo nokucela ukuthethelelwa kwezono.
4. I-Hanukkah iholidi lamakhandlela. Ukhuluma ngesimangaliso, lapho amaJuda athola amafutha ethempelini, okwakufanele ahlale ngosuku olulodwa kuphela. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, umlilo ovela kwamakhandlela wawwanele izinsuku ezingu-8, ngakho ukugubha kwe-Chanukah kuhambisana nokukhanyisa kwamakhandlela izinsuku ezingu-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesiko lokunikeza izingane izipho.
5. I-Purim - igubha ngenkumbulo yensindiso yamaJuda embusweni wamaPheresiya. Leli holide elijabulisayo kakhulu, abantu baphuza iwayini, bahlela ukudla, bahlanganyele emikhiqizweni yezemidlalo kanye nezokudla.
6. IPhasika yiPhasika lamaJuda futhi lifanekisela ukufika kwentwasahlobo nokuvuselela. Isikhathi salo siyizinsuku ezingu-7, ngalesi sikhathi badla ama-matzo - lawa ngamaqebelengwane aphekwe njengesikhumbuzo sesinkwa amaJuda asetshenziselwa lapho ebalekela eGibhithe evela kuFaro.

Amaholidi ngo-September ku-Israyeli

Ngenkathi yekwindla, izinsuku eziningi kakhulu zigujwa kwa-Israyeli, futhi abahambi abafuna ukujwayela amasiko kulelizwe bangathanda ukwazi ukuthi amaholide ase-Israyeli ngo-Septhemba? Phakathi kwabo ungabhala lokhu okulandelayo:

1. U-Rosh Hashanah ungumnyaka omusha wamaJuda, owaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi wamaPayipi kwa-Israyeli, ngokufika kwawo izinsuku zibalwa ngonyaka ozayo, kufanekisela ukudala umhlaba. Kulolu suku kuyisiko kumaJuda ukuba ahlaziye ngokugcwele izenzo zabo, ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi ngonyaka omusha lowo muntu uzobe evuzwa ngokuhambisana nezindaba zakhe ngonyaka ophumayo. Kulolu suku, umkhuba onjalo, okukhulunywe ngawo emibhalweni engcwele, wenziwa njengendondo ecilongweni (uphondo lwempondo), olufanekisela isidingo sokuphenduka kwezoni phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Etafuleni lokugubha, kunezidlo ezinjalo: inhlanzi, okuyisibonakaliso sokuzala, izaqathe, ukusika emibuthanweni - phakathi kwamaJuda ihlotshaniswa nezinhlamvu zemali zegolide, ama-apula anezinyosi - zibekwe impilo enhle.
2. Yom Kippur - Usuku Lokwahlulela, lapho ukuqonda kwezono kwenzeka khona. Kufanele azinikele kuphela ekuqondeni izimiso zokuphila nezenzo zakhe, amaJuda acele ukuthethelelwa kwabanye. Iholidi lihambisana nemikhawulo eminingi eqinile: awukwazi ukudla, ukugeza nokusebenzisa izimonyo ebusweni bakho, ukushayela, ukungena ebuhlotsheni obuseduze, ukukhuluma ngomakhalekhukhwini. Kulolu suku, akukho umsakazo nethelevishini, akukho zithuthi zomphakathi.
3. I-Sukkot - iholide elandisa ukuthi ngemva kokuphuma eGibhithe, amaJuda ayehlala emadokodweni. Ekukhunjweni kwalokhu, kuyisiko ukushiya indawo yakho yokuhlala futhi uhlale ematendeni noma emadokodo, njengamaJuda ngenkathi ehamba phambili ehlane laseSinayi. Ukushaywa kufakwe abahlali phambi kwegadidi, emagcekeni noma emabhaloni. Omunye umkhuba wukuthi isimemezelo sezibusiso ezitshalweni ezine ezihlobene nezinhlobo ezithile zabantu bamaJuda.

Ama-Israyeli - amaholide angama-May

Ngo-May, u-Israyeli ugubha izinsuku ezinjalo ezingakhohlwayo:

1. Usuku Luka-Independence luka-Israyeli - lo mcimbi wenziwa ngoMeyi 14, 1948 futhi ugujwa ngokudalwa kwezwe elizimele lakwa-Israyeli. Leli holide lihlukile phakathi kwezinsuku ezisemthethweni ezingasebenzi, ukuhamba komphakathi kuhamba ngalolu suku, akukho ukuvinjelwa okumele kwenziwe ngemuva kwesondo, ngakho abaningi bakhetha ukuyisebenzisa ngemvelo. Futhi, ama-Israyeli aya emidlalweni yemikhosi nemikhosi, egcinwe eziningi ezweni lonke.
2. Usuku lweJerusalema - lubonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwa-Israyeli ngemva kweminyaka engu-19 kwahlukaniswa waba izindonga ezikhonkolo kanye nocingo olubanjwe.
3. I-Shavuot (eSontweni Lama-Orthodox YaseRussia igujwa njengePhentekoste) - alifaneli nje kuphela usuku emlandweni wenkolo, kodwa futhi nokuphela kwenkathi yomsebenzi wezolimo. Ekhunjweni amaJuda abuyela eNtabeni iSinayi futhi edla imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okunjalo kudla etafuleni lokugubha.

Amaholide Kahulumeni Kwa-Israyeli

Ngaphandle koSuku lwe-Independence, leli zwe ligubha amaholide anjalo e- Israyeli :

1. Usuku Lwezinhlekelele Nezibusuku lunikezelwe kumaJuda ayizigidi eziyisithupha ahlupheka ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ukukhumbuza ngabo-10 ekuseni ensimini yombuso wonke kufaka isikhwama sokulila.
2. Usuku lweSikhumbuzo ngamasosha e-Israyeli awile - unikezelwe kumaJuda afela emzabalazweni wokuzimela u-Israyeli. Ngodumo lwabo imfucuza yomngcwabo ivuliwe kabili - ngo-8 ntambama kanti ngo-11 ekuseni, imihlangano yokulila iqhutshwa kulo lonke izwe.