Njalo ngonyaka, kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Mashi, umkhuhlane ufika, uqala esinye isifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka komuthi wokugoma, ozosebenza nganoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka. Futhi ukubikezela ukuthi ukukhonta khonikisi kunzima, ngaphandle kwalokho, kungashintsha.
Izinkinga ze-Influenza
Lezi zinambuzane zigcina ulwazi lwabo lwezakhi zofuzo ku-RNA, eguquguqukayo kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi zivuselelwa njalo, okwenza kubalulekile ukudala imishanguzo emisha. Zikhiqizwa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, uhlobo luhloswe yizincomo ze-WHO. Lokhu akuchazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza kahle komuthi wokugoma, ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo igciwane lingakwazi ukuthola amakhono amasha kakade.
Into eyingozi kunazo zonke yikhono lokungabonakali kwisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okudlula ngokuphephile i-pathogen, ukuqala ukusabela okuphuzile kakhulu. Izinguquko ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-antigenic drift. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke kusebenza emazingeni ashisayo, lapho izinga lokutheleleka lisezingeni elifanayo unyaka wonke, futhi azikho izifo zengculazi zonyaka.
Luhlobo luni lomkhuhlane kulindeleke ngo-2018?
Ngokuzimela ukuze uthole ukuthi, yikuphi uketshezi okuzoba ngo-2018, ngeke kuphume, ngoba i-agent ye-causative ihlale ishintsha isakhiwo. I-WHO minyaka yonke ngesisekelo socwaningo yenza ukubikezela kanye nemibiko emithonjeni, umhlangano okufanele ulungiselelwe. Isimbangela sezifo zengculazi ngumkhuhlane B noma u-A, kodwa banezinhlobo eziningi ze-subtypes, ngakho-ke imishanguzo yonyaka odlule ngeke isebenze. Ukwakhiwa kokugoma kungabandakanya ama-antibodies avela ezintanjeni ezi-3 kuphela, ngoba isikhathi samanje sishiwo:
- I-Hong Kong;
- I-Brisbane (umkhuhlane wase-Australia-2018);
- I-California Flu-2018 (Michigan).
Umkhuhlane wase-Australia
Igama lohlobo lwe-H3N2 litholakala ngenxa yokugqashuka, okwenzeka kamuva ku-Australia. I-influenza ye-Brisbane iye yaba yimbi kunazo zonke eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Khona-ke lesi sifo sifikile e-UK, kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlobo luzofinyelela eMpumalanga Yurophu. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlobo lohlobo A, luyingozi kulabo asebekhulile, abantwana kanye nezifo zenhliziyo ezingapheliyo. Abanye abadingeki ukwesaba, izinkinga zingavamile. Umkhuhlane wase-Australia-2018, izimpawu zazo azifani nabanye abantu, zingavinjelwa ukugoma, kodwa ochwepheshe bathi kusebenza kabi kunezingxenye ezincane ze-B.
I-Hong Kong Flu
Leli yi-subtype ye-bird flu-2018, eyabonakala eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule eHong Kong. Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, wathinteka emthonjeni omusha, ukuzivikela okungakaze kuthuthukiswe. Ngalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukugoma, ikakhulukazi amaqembu asengozini - asebekhulile nabantwana. Kubikezelwa ukuthi iHong Kong flu-2018 izokwenzeka kaningi kunezinye. Igciwane liyingozi kakhulu ekufeni kwamanje nokuphezulu. Kukhona izinkinga ezivamile zezifo zenhliziyo kanye nokukhuphuka kwesifuba se-bronchial .
Flu Michigan
I-virus ye-influenza A, i-agent eguquguqukayo yengculazi yengulube . Ukutholakala kokuzivikela ku-H1N1 eminyakeni eyedlule akuvikeli ngokumelene negciwane laseCalifornia, ngakho-ke ukugoma okukhethekile kuyadingeka. I-Flu-2018 idume ngezinkinga zayo, ezivezwe yi:
- ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheli ze-genitourinary, izinzwa zenhliziyo, ezesabekayo nezokugaya ukudla;
- ukucindezelwa kokuzivikela;
- i-pneumonia yegciwane;
- Ukwengezwa kokutheleleka kwe-fungal noma ibhaktheriya.
Isikhukhula-2018 - izibikezelo
Njalo ngonyaka ukuguqulwa kwe-pathogen, okuholela esimweni esisha sesibhubhane. Izinkinga ze-Influenza ngo-2018 ziyishintsho, izinguqulo eziziwa isikhathi eside, ezingasakazeka ngokushesha, zanda ngokuphawulekayo inani lamacala. Ngokugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuqapha kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, isibikezelo esihle sokuqedwa kwalesi sikhathi sihlala. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukubheka ukungathí sina kwesimo sakho uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka futhi uxoxe nodokotela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhukhula-2018 - izimpawu
Ukubonakaliswa okucacile kuncike ekutheni kuzosakazeka kakhulu. Isikhathi sokufakelwa ukutholakala sitholakala kubo bonke, ubude buyizinsuku ezingu-2-4. Wonke umuntu unempawu ezilandelayo:
- ukushisa okuphakeme;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobunzima;
- ikhanda;
- umkhuhlane;
- isicasuli;
- ubuthakathaka;
- isiyezi;
- ukucindezela ukudla.
I-influenza entsha-2018, izimpawu zayo eziqhubekayo izinsuku ezingu-4-7, zingenzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene.
- Kulula. Ukuncipha kwamandla, izinga lokushisa aliphakeme ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, isifiso sinciphile.
- I-medium-heavy. Umzimba uqhuma kuze kube ngu-39 degrees, ukukhwehlela owomile, impumu egijima.
- Kunzima kakhulu. I-fever, i-nausea, umkhuhlane wama-degrees angu-40, ama-chills.
- I-hypertensive. Akuvamile, kuyingozi kakhulu. Iqala ngokushesha, emva kwamahora ambalwa emva kokutheleleka, ukukhwehlela kukhula, bese kuphuma igazi emakhaleni, ukuhlanza kuqala.
Akukhuthazwa kakhulu ukuthi uhlanganyele ekuziphatheni lapho:
- ukushisa okuphezulu, hhayi ukugubha izinsuku ezingu-3-4;
- ukuphefumula;
- i-headache njalo;
- ukuxubha;
- isikhumba sesikhumba.
Isikhukhula-2018 - ukwelashwa
Udokotela angase anikeze i-agent ye-antiviral ekhaya noma imithi e-interferon esekelwe engasebenzi. Ukuphumelela kwe-Remantadine kuye kwaqinisekiswa, kodwa ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwezingqinamba ezingavamile ukushiwo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uchwepheshe uzokwazisa ukuthi yini ezophatha uketshezi-2018, ngokusekelwe ezimpawu ezibalwe.
- Ukuphuza. Ukwandisa uketshezi oluketshezi luzosiza ukunciphisa umphumela wokudakwa. Inketho ekahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile, itiye nombala we-lime, i-chamomile, i-oregano ne-thyme izokwenza.
- Ama-antibiotics. Kuqokwe kuphela uma kusolakala ukuthi ujoyine igciwane lesifo (Suprax, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin).
- Antipyretic. Sidinga ukufudumala umzimba ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, lapho isimo sibe yingozi. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhwama, ukuphakama kokushisa kuyadingeka ekuqedeni kwemvelo (i-Aspirin, Ibuprofen, i-Paracetamol).
- Ama-antihistamine. Isikhukhula-2018 asikhambi, kodwa kusiza ukususa amehlo abomvu nokuvuvukala kwe-nasopharynx, ukusiza isimo sonke (Diazolin, Promethazine, Pheniramine).
- Umuthi wokudla (Bromhexine, Ambroxol).
- Amaconsi e-Vasodilating. Kudingeka ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi, okuvimbela ukuphefumula (Nazol, Tysin, Naphthysine).
- I-local anti-inflammatory. Nciphise ukuhlukumeza emqaleni (Sepptule, Lugol, Strepsils).
- Amavithamini. Ucwaningo lwamuva luveze ukuthi i-ascorbic acid ayithinti umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, usizo lwangempela oluvela kubo akufanele kulindeleke, lungasetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokusekela (Aevit, Nicotinic ne-ascorbic acid).
Isikhukhula-2018 - izinkinga
Ukwelashwa okungalungile kuhumusha lesi sifo ngendlela ehlehliwe, okuholela emiphumeleni enzima. Umkhuhlane A uhlobo ikakhulukazi luba yimbangela yabo. Izinkinga zingase zithinte izinkinga ezikhona ezingakahlala zikhona, okulandelayo kuvamile.
- I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya. Iqala izinsuku ezingu-2-3 emva kokubonakala okukhanyayo, ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kufakwe esikhundleni sokukhwehlela nge-sputum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi futhi ukwanda kokushisa.
- I-Otitis, i-sinusitis.
- I-pneumonia egazini . Kuhambisana nokukhwehlela owomile, ukuphefumula nokubhekana nezinkinga ezicacile zomsebenzi wokuphefumula.
- Ukuphazamiseka okwesifo esithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile wegciwane, umsebenzi wezinso kanye nesimo senhliziyo isaphazamiseka.
- I-Meningitis, i-encephalitis. Ukuvuvukala kuthinta ubuchopho.
- I-Glomerulonephritis. Ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi yezinso ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-tubular.
Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ngo-2018
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, iqoqo lezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ingculazi lakhiwe:
- ukwamukelwa kwamavithamini ama-complexes;
- ukudla okunempilo;
- umsebenzi womzimba ovamile;
- ukunciphisa izinga lokucindezeleka;
- ukulala kwehora lesishiyagalombili;
- ukulahla imikhuba emibi;
- ukunamathela emithethweni yokuhlanzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukunciphisa ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umgomo wokulwa nomkhuhlane ungasiza futhi ukugwema ukutheleleka. Sebenzisa kudingekile kuze kube yilapho kuphakame khona isifo, ngoba ukuzivikela kwakha ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. Ngaphambi kokuthola umjovo, kudinga ukubonisana nodokotela, okuzokutshela mayelana nokuphikisana. Uma kunomzwelo ngamunye, ukuhlakulela, ukwelashwa, umkhuhlane kanye nobuthakathaka kungenzeka. Izingane zibekezelela ukugoma lapho uneminyaka engama-2-5, kepha ungaqala ezinyangeni ezingu-6. Kubantu asebekhulile, inqubo ayisebenzisi kangako.