Ukungavikeleki emzimbeni kungokwezinhlobo ezimbili:
- iselula;
- i-humoral.
Bahlobene kakhulu, nakuba benza imisebenzi ehlukene.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba ukukhomba, ukuqaphela, ukukhipha futhi ukukhipha emzimbeni into ehlukile lapho amagciwane ahlukahlukene, amabhaktheriya , amakhemikhali, isikhunta, amangqamuzana amathumbu namaseli asetshenziselwa ukutshala angasebenza. Futhi uhlelo lukwazi futhi ukukhumbula amangqamuzana anonya ukuze aphinde ahlangane nawo, ukuze akwazi ukuyeka ngokushesha.
Kuyini ukuzivikela komzimba?
Igama elithi "humoral" livela egameni elihlekayo, elihumusha njengamanzi, umswakama. Kulokhu, kusho uketshezi emzimbeni:
- igazi;
- umathe;
- i-lymph, nabanye.
Ukuzivikela komzimba kunomuntu siqu. Umsebenzi wayo ukubona nokubhubhisa amabhaktheriya egazini nasesikhalweni se-extracellular. Nikeza lolu hlobo lwe-B-lymphocyte yokuzivikela. Lapho i-lymphocytes ihlangana nama-antigens, aya emthonjeni wethambo, ama- lymph nodes , u-spleen, amathumbu amancane namathumbu amancane, amathoni e-pharynx nakwezinye izindawo. Lapho bahlukanisa ngenkuthalo futhi bashintshe babe ngamaseli e-plasma. Ama-lymphocytes B enza ama-antibodies noma amanye ama-immunoglobulins - izingxenye zamaphrotheni "ezinamathele" ezakhiweni zangaphandle - amabhaktheriya, ama-virus. Ngakho-ke, i-immunoglobulins iyabamaka, iyenze ibonakale kumaseli e-plasma egazi ebhubhisa amagciwane nama-bacteria angena emzimbeni.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-immunoglobulin:
- A (Ig);
- D (Ig D);
- I-E (Ig E);
- I-G (IgG);
- M (Ig M).
Ngokuphelele, i-lymphocytes enjalo emzimbeni ingama-15% azo zonke.
Izibonakaliso zokuzivikela komzimba
Ngaphansi kwezibonakaliso zokuzivikela komzimba kuhloswe inani lezinhlamvu ezikhiqizwayo kanye nezinye izinto ezibandakanyeka ekuvikeleni umzimba ezivela kwezinye izinto, kanye nokuthi zibonisa kanjani izicubu ezihlukahlukene namanzi asemzimbeni
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza
Ukuze kuhlolwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi kutholakale ukungajwayelekile, ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa-i-immunogram. Kulokhu, okuqukethwe kwe-immunoglobulins yamakilasi A, M, G, E kanye nenombolo ye-B-lymphocytes inqunywa, kanye nezinkomba ze-interferon kanye nesimiso sokubonga emva kokugoma imithi yokuvimbela.
Kulokhu kuhlaziywa, igazi lisuswa emthonjeni. Ngosuku olulandelayo, alukhuthazwa ukuba ulayishe umzimba ngokuzikhandla ngokweqile, ungadli utshwala futhi ungabhemi. Igazi lizinikela ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho emva kwamahora angu-8 okuzila ukudla, kuvunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi kuphela.