Amaphutha angaphezu kwezingu-70% awela emhlathini ongaphansi, futhi ngokuvamile ngenxa yomhlathi omise amahhashi aphindwe kabili noma kathathu. Imifucumfucu yomhlathi ongaphezulu ayijwayelekile, kodwa iyingozi kakhulu futhi, njengomthetho, ibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi
Ngenxa yokubonakala kwezinto ezihlukumezayo zihlukaniswa kakhulu, okungukuthi, zivela ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla angaphandle, kanye ne-pathological, okuwumphumela wesifo (i-osteomyelitis, izicubu). Ngokwehlobo lomonakalo, ama-fracture angaba oblique, eqondile, ama-longitudinal, ama-transverse futhi ahlukana. Ngenani lezingcezu, ukuhlukana kungaba okukodwa, kabili, kathathu kanye nokuningi.
Futhi, ukuqubuka komhlathi omncane kuvezwe endaweni yokulimala. I-median i-fracture e-incisors, i-lateral emasinini, i-angular engxenyeni yomhlathi kanye ne-molars, umlomo wesibeletho esifundeni somjobo womhlathi.
Ngaphandle kweziqephu eziningi zokuphuka komhlathi omncane, ukwehlukana komhlathi ophezulu kubhekwa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu. Zihlukaniswe ngama-fractures yenqubo ye-alveolar (ingxenye yomhlathi lapho amazinyo ahleli khona), i-orbital (i-fractures idlula eduze kwe-skull noma ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwayo) ne-suborbital (ehamba ngezansi umugqa we-orbit).
Ama-fractures e-orbital asezindaweni eziseduze ze-skull futhi ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuphatha.
Izimpawu
Uma i-fracture yomhlathi ikhona, kukhona ubuhlungu be-syndrome, ukuhamba kwamathambo endaweni yokuqhekeka nokuhamba kwawo, amazinyo avulekile, ukuguqulwa kokulunywa, ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo kanye nokukwazi ukuhlafuna, ukuphazamiseka okunamandla. Futhi, kungenzeka kube nokuvuvukala, ukulimaza, ukulimaza. Ngama-fractures aphumile, ukulinganisa kwengxenye ephansi yobuso kungaphazamiseka. Ukuhlukunyezwa okucacile kwesichazamazwi kungenye yezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokuphulwa kwenqubo ye-alveolar. Ngezinhlupho eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlathi ophezulu, ukukhubazeka kobuso, ukuvuvukala kwama-cheekbones, impumu kanye namehlo, ukuvuvukala, kungenzeka ukubola kwamanzi endaweni yamehlo kuphawulwe.
Usizo lokuqala lokuphuka komhlathi
Uma ukuphuka komhlathi omncane kulandela:
- Vala umhlathi ophansi ngezambatho zokugqoka.
- Lapho kuvela ukuphuma kwegazi, uma kunokwenzeka, umise nge-bandage oyinyumba namathoni.
- Uma ukhipha igazi elibi kakhulu, okungahle kwenzeke ngokuhlukana okuvulekile, zama ukucindezela isitsha esonakalisiwe.
- Qaphela ukuthi isiguli singaphefumula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma kunokwenzeka, uhlanza umlomo wezindwangu zegazi noma uhlanza, uma kukhona, faka ulimi, uma luthinta futhi lenza kube nzima ukuphefumula
- Uma kungabikho amanxeba avulekile, ukucindezeleka okubandayo kumele kusetshenziswe endaweni yokuphuka ukuze kugweme i-edema enzima.
Emva kwalokhu, isiguli kufanele sithathwe ngokushesha esibhedlela, futhi kumele sithunyelwe kuphela endaweni yokuhlala.
Ngaphambi kokuphuka komhlathi ophezulu, izinyathelo ezifanayo ziyathathwa, kodwa isiguli siyiswa endaweni yokulala.
Ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuphuka
Izingqinamba eziyinhloko ezitholakala emangcwabeni emangcwabeni ngenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngethambo eliphukile elinokuphelela okuphelele, lifake e-bandage ye-plaster. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa inqubo yokuhlinza ukulungisa izidakamizwa zamathambo, ithayi lensimbi lifakwa emgodini womlomo noma ibhande lokulungisa,
Imiphumela ye-fracture
Ukukhubazeka okuphambene nomzimba kubandakanya ukutholakala kwe-asymmetry ebusweni, kanye nokuthi i-fractures idala ukulahlekelwa izinyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuluma kuvame ukuphazamiseka, futhi ngenxa yesicelo sesondo, izinkinga ezinamazinyo namazinsini zingabonakala.