Umdlavuza wesibeletho ngumdlavuza ovamile. Ukungabikho kwezimpawu zesifo ezinyangeni zakuqala kunzima kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology. Cabanga ngalesi sifo ngokuningiliziwe, ake sithi izibonakaliso ezinkulu zomdlavuza wesibeletho, izimbangela nezindlela zokwelashwa.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - izimbangela
Uma isifo esifana nomdlavuza wesibeletho sitholakale, imbangela yentuthuko yayo iyinkinga. Odokotela baqala le nqubo ngokuqoqa i-anamnesis, kungafaki izifo zesimiso sokuzala esandulela i-oncology. Phakathi kwezici ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza, i-oncologists ibiza ngokuthi:
- Izifo ze-venereal: i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, i-herpes yomzimba;
- ukwelapha isikhathi eside ngezidakamizwa ezine-hormone;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezizalo zokubeletha kwe-hormonal;
- ubulili bokuqala;
- Izinguquko ezivamile kubalingani bobulili - ziholela ekushintsheni emagqeni angasese, okwenza kube nezinguquko ezingeni leselula;
- Amaprotheni izingxenye zesilisa zesilisa zingabangela ushintsho ezakhiweni zeselula zomlomo wesibeletho.
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyinhlangano engozini
Odokotela baveza iqembu eliyingozi - abesifazane, abavame ukuveza uhlelo lokuzala ngokuvame ukwedlula izinqubo eziphilayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- Abathwali be-papillomavirus yabantu. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye ne- HPV oncologists njalo ziphathwa njengezinqubo ezingenakuhlukaniswa. Izinguquko eziqondile ezingeni lamaselula ezibangelwa leli gciwane ziyisiqalo sokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Ukuhlolwa okudlula njalo. Ukungabi khona kwe-cytology ye-smear ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi isifo sifinyelelwe isikhathi eside. Odokotela batusa ukuyithatha kanye ngonyaka.
- Abesifazane abanomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka, banciphise igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthuthukisa i-oncology akhule kwiziguli ezithatha imithi yokuzivikela.
- Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ucwaningo lwezibalo lubonise ukwanda kwezimo ze-oncology kumama asezintweni. Izinguquko ze-hormone ngokushesha kule nkathi zingabangela ukuphazanyiswa kwezicubu ze-epithelial entanyeni.
- Ukuhola impilo yobungqingili impilo. Amathuba okutheleleka akhula.
- Yiba nezingane eziningana umahluko obuncane. Uhlelo lokuzala ludinga isikhathi sokubuyiselwa. Ukuhlukunyezwa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha kubangela ukunamathiselwa kwezifo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezivuthayo ezingabangela ushintsho emgodini wesibeletho ezingeni leselula.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - Izinhlobo
Lolu hlobo lwe-oncology lunamaqhinga amaningana. Ngezizathu zabo amanga hhayi nje kuphela uhlobo lokulimala kwezicubu, izakhiwo zamaselula, kodwa futhi nokwenziwa kwendawo yokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokugxila kokuqala kwe-tumor, ikhona:
- umdlavuza wesigaba sangasese somlomo wesibeletho;
- umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngqo.
Kuye ngohlobo lomonakalo ezakhiweni zamaselula, okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa:
- I-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho. Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology lubalelwa kuma-80% kuwo wonke amacala omdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngalolu hlobo, amangqamuzana wezicubu ze-epithelial of the cervix ashintshiwe, aguqule isakhiwo nesimo sakhe. Kulokhu, banda ngesayizi, kodwa ungadluli imingcele yezintambo zenhliziyo.
- Umdlavuza wesifo somlomo wesibeletho. Leli fomu le-pathology libhekene nokusabalala kwe-foci efana ne-tumor kwezinye izitho nezicubu. Kungaba yi-hematogenous (ngegazi) futhi i-lymphogenous (ngendlela ye-lymph). Okwokuqala, izitho zamagciwane ezitholakala esifundeni sezitho zomzimba zithintekile. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngegazi, sihlasela izitho ezikude nezinhlelo.
Kuvunyelwe ukunikeza izigaba ezimbili zesifo sokugcina:
- Umdlavuza we-microinvasive - izinguquko zeseli zenziwe emngceleni we-epithelium nezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Ama-metastase angene ngaphakathi kwe-stroma ayatholakala endaweni engaphansi kwama-3 mm, akukho ukufakwa kwemikhumbi lymphatic;
- Okumangalisa - i-tumor ingena emathisheni ibe ngaphezu kuka-3 mm, ama-cloth akhiwa, ahlanganisa amangqamuzana aphelile, kukhona izilonda zamakhansela ezendawo zendawo, ama-metastase asekude akhiwa.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - izigaba
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukuhlukaniswa okuchazwe ngenhla, uqala ukuthuthukisa kusuka kwamaseli alohlobo oluthile lwesisindo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nqubo iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha, efaka izitho nezakhe. Ngokuqondile ngalezi zizathu, izigaba ze-pathology nazo ziyahlukahluka. Ngamunye unesithombe sakhe somtholampilo, isifo se-symptomatology. Ingqikithi ngesikhathi sokugula, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - isigaba 1
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wezinga eli-1 libhekene nokuhlala okuqinile, kunemingcele ecacile yokwakhiwa. Uma zichaza lesi sigaba senqubo yomdlavuza, odokotela bakhuluma ngezici ezilandelayo ze-pathology:
- i-tumor ayidluli ngaphesheya kwentamo;
- Izinguquko ze-cytological zibuthakathaka futhi zihlolwe kuphela ezincane;
- Ama-metastases angangena emgodini womsele womlomo wesibeletho ngo-3-5 mm;
- ubukhulu be-tumor bungaphansi kuka-4 cm.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - isigaba 2
Isigaba sesibili somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho sibonakala ngokukhululwa kwamangqamuzana amabi ngaphezu kwemingcele yomlomo wesibeletho nomzimba wesibeletho. Kulokhu, izilonda zezitho zangasese kanye nengxenyana engezansi yeziswini aziveli. Amangqamuzana angama-pathological ayithinta ngokuphelele imingcele. Ama-metastase angangena endaweni ezungezile. Zitholwa ngezindlela zezinsimbi, ezivumela ukunquma inombolo, ubukhulu kanye nokwenza indawo ye-tumor foci.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - isigaba 3
I-Cancer yomlomo wesibeletho, isigaba sesithathu sibonakala ngesisu sezingxenye ze-pelvis encane, izingxenye zokusebenza. Uma kusakazwa ama-metastases kwezinye izitho nezinhlelo, ukusebenza kwabo kuphazanyiswa. Ngokuvamile i-neoplasm itholakala ezindongeni zangaphandle ze-pelvis encane, ingxenye yesithathu engezansi yesifazane. Ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kweziguli, kukhona ukwephulwa kwezinso, ukwehla emsebenzini wabo.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - isigaba 4
Kulesi sigaba senqubo yokwelapha yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ama-metastases akhona cishe kuzo zonke izitho zesikhumba esincane: isisu, amathumbu, ama-appendages. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho nombeletho uqala. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwe-pathology, le nqubo ishintshela kuma-lymph node zesifunda. Kanye negazi, i-foci yamaseli ashintshiwe angangena ezinkambeni ezikude zomzimba. Ngokuvamile lapho kutholakala ukuthi, ukutholakala kwemithi kutholakala ebuchosheni, emaphashini nasesibindi.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - izimpawu nezimpawu
Njengoba isifo esinjalo esiyingozi, njengomdlavuza wesibeletho, izimpawu azikho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuchaza ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology, ngokuvamile nge-2 degrees of impairment. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwenqubo ekuqalekeni kwezimpawu kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Uma lezi ziguli zinezifo zasemuva zesistimu yokuzala, i-symptomatology ibonakala ebuhlungu besisu esiswini, ephansi emuva. Kulesi simo, owesifazane angabonisa ukukhishwa kwamagciwane, abe nomlingiswa wegazi futhi angahambisani nokuya esikhathini. I-pathologies yasemuva ihlanganisa, ehambisana nomdlavuza, ihlanganisa:
- ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho ;
- leukoplakia ;
- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zentamo emva kokubeletha.
Ngokuqondene nezimpawu ezihambisana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukubonakaliswa okukhona kungenziwa ngokwemibandela kuhlukaniswe ibe okujwayelekile nokuqondile. Okokuqala yilokhu:
- isiyezi esivamile, isikhumba esibucayi, ukuphelelwa amandla;
- isikhumba esomile;
- ukujuluka ngokweqile;
- ukuqina okuqhubekayo;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba.
I-Symptomatology yalesi sifo ihlukile, futhi incike ekutheni inqubo ye-pathological. Ezimpawu ezithile ze-oncology yomlomo wesibeletho, kukhona:
- Ukukhishwa kwegazi. Bangaba, njengokuxhumana (emva kwesitifiketi socansi noma isenzo), futhi akusizi ngalutho. Umthamo wabo ungahluka. Ezingxenyeni ezedlule zalesi sifo, ngenxa yokunamathiswa kwesifo, banephunga elimnandi.
- Ubuhlungu ngemuva, isisu esingaphansi nesifunda se-lumbar.
- Ukuvuvukala kwamagatsha angaphansi, ngenxa yokulimala yi-metastases yemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-excretory - ushintsho esimweni se-stool, ukwakheka kwe-fistula.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - ukuxilongwa
Isisekelo semisebenzi yokuxilonga yizindlela ezibalulekile. Ukunqunywa kwesifo kuqala ngokuqoqwa ngokucophelela kwe-anamnesis. Emva kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa izifundo eziningi, phakathi kwazo:
- i-colposcopy - kusiza ukucacisa isimo sezindonga zendlala yesisu, isisu somlomo wesibeletho kanye nesifo sofuba;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological kwezinto ezibonakalayo - isampula sezinto eziphathekayo sithathwe ebusweni bentamo emangcwabeni futhi encane;
- i-biopsy - isifundo se-structure, morphology, isakhiwo samaseli athathwa entanyeni;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-histological - kusiza ukunquma isigaba sesifo;
- I-Ultrasound - inquma ubukhulu nendawo yokubunjwa, inombolo yabo.
Njengoba kunesifo somdlavuza njengesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho, i-MRI isetshenziselwa ukuthola izicubu ezincane. Odokotela abanokuhlangenwe nakho banganquma ukuthi indawo yenzani, isigaba sayo kanye nesilinganiso sokulimala ezakhiweni zamaselula. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ukuthola isithombe esiphelele sesifo, lapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i-oncology iqinisekisiwe.
Ungabona i-ultrasound yomdlavuza wesibeletho?
I-cancer yomlomo wesibeletho nge-ultrasound ezinyathelweni zokuqala ayikwazi ukubonakala. Le nqubo ivela ezingeni leselula. Ngisho nokukhuliswa okukhulu, awukwazi ukuyifaka. Le ndlela yokucwaninga kwe-hardware isetshenziselwa inqubo yokuthola imvelo kakade. Ngesizo sakhe, ungasungula indawo ngqo kanye nosayizi wemfundo, ukuhlola izitho eziseduze ukuze kube khona ukutholakala kwemithi.
Ingabe umdlavuza wesibeletho uphathwa noma cha?
Ngesifo esifana nomdlavuza wesibeletho, ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye. I-algorithm yenqubo yokwelapha ihlobene ngokuqondile nesiteji se-pathology, ubukhulu bezimpawu, ukutholakala kwezifo ezithintekayo. Isisekelo sokwelapha yilesi:
- ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa;
- ukwelashwa kwemisebe ;
- i-chemotherapy.
Ngokuvamile, ngokusebenza kahle, odokotela basebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasu amaningana. Umphumela wendlela yokwelashwa incike ku:
- isigaba se-oncology;
- iminyaka yesiguli;
- ukutholakala kwezifo ezithintekayo zesistimu yokuzala.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - ukubikezela
Izinqubo ze-incological kunzima ukunikeza ukwelapha. Njengoba isifo esifana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukubikezela okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe esiteji senqubo yokugulisa umzimba, isimo se-lymph nodes, umthamo we-tumor nokujula kwezimo ezibangelwa ukuhlasela. Ngakho emva kwe-hysterectomy enkulu kanye ne-lymphadenectomy, ukulinganiselwa kokuphila okuphakathi kweminyaka engu-5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziguli ezingama-80-90 zazingenalo i-lymph nodes ezithintekile yi-tumor. Phakathi kweziguli ezine-metastases emgodleni, abesifazane abangama-50-75 kuphela abaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - ukuvimbela
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuqala kwe-oncology ohlelweni lokuzala zibandakanya ukugoma nokuhambisana nemithetho ethile. Ngakho-ke, inoculation ngokumelene nomdlavuza wesibeletho kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo ngokucindezela umsebenzi wegciwane le-papilloma, imbangela enkulu yomdlavuza. Uma igonywa, izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa:
- I-Gardasil ;
- I-Cervarix.
Phakathi kwezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okuhleliwe kwabesifazane, kusukela eminyakeni engu-21-25;
- ukujwayeleka kwezinqubo zokuqubuzana;
- ukunamathela komlingani oyedwa.
Ukuphila ngemva komdlavuza wesibeletho
Ukuqeda ngokuphelele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kungenzeka kuphela uma izincomo kanye nokuqokwa kodokotela kanye nokuqaliswa kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kutholakala. Abesifazane abaningi bayakwazi ukubuyela endleleni yabo yangaphambili yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaphakamisi ukukhulelwa kokukhulelwa emva komdlavuza wesibeletho. Izinguquko ze-hormone ezenzeka kule nkinga zingabangela ukuphindaphinda, ukuvuselelwa kokuguqulwa kwezifo ezakhiweni zamaselula ze-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho.