Ukulima kwamakhukhamba - kanjani ukuthola isivuno esihle?

Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zikholelwa ukuthi ukhukhamba okhulayo kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa akunjalo. Uma ukhetha ngokukhetha izinhlobonhlobo, ulungise izithombo, uhlume amahlumela endaweni ephumelelayo futhi unakekele ngokucophelela, khona-ke kuvuna isivuno esikhulu. Futhi ukusebenzisa imifino eluhlaza kusemqoka enhlobonhlobo eluhlaza, ekwakheni ama-saladi, okwe-salting nokulondolozwa.

Ukulima kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa

Izimo zokushisa ziyakwazi ukutshala ukhukhamba. Esikhathini esakhiweni esobala esinobuningi bokukhanya kwelanga emifino, kulula ukudala i-microclimate eyamukelekayo. Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa - ilungiselelo lokushisa:

1. Isakhiwo kufanele sigcinwe ekushiseni okungenani + 13 ° C. Uma i-greenhouse ishisa, kuphakanyiswa ukuba uhlakulele iminyaka yonke yemifino.
2. Njengengqimba, ipulasitiki iyathandwa - ayikugqobanga futhi ayiboli.
3. Vala izisekeli ngeglasi, i-cellophane, i-polycarbonate - izokuvumela ukuthi uthathe imifino yokushisa ilanga ngesilinganiso esifanele.
4. Ingxube yomhlabathi kulula ukuyilungisa ngamandla akhe - ekwindla ukusabalalisa phansi kwesayithi amaqabunga awelekile nezinaliti, okuzobe sekuphelile emva kwebusika.

Ibanga lamakhukhamba we-greenhouse

Ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kwamakhukhamba kuqala njalo ngokukhetha kwebanga. Ukuze kuzalwe ukushisa okushisa, ama-subspecies ayadingeka, okungenawo impova kungaba izithelo ezigcwele. Ukuze ujabule ekuvuneni okusha ebusika, izinhlobo ezibekezelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuyadingeka. Ukuze kube nemifula yasentwasahlobo nehlobo, noma yikuphi izinhlobo ze-parthenocarpic (ezingadingi impova). Izinhlobo ezidumile zamakhukhamba, ukulima nokunakekelwa okukhiqizwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo:

• I-Cartoon - inikeza isivuno izinsuku ezingu-40;
• I-Barcelona - imifino yokuvuthwa kuqala;
• Isibindi - ikhukhamba elulisiwe, linikeza izithelo izinsuku ezingama-45;
• UBobrik - engesabi ukupholisa, kuyinto yokwamukela imifino ebusika;
• I-Matrix - ikakhulukazi emelana nezifo;
• I-Schedrik - ihlabelela ngokushesha, inikeza isivuno esihle, isetshenziswe unyaka wonke.

Ngingahlwanyela nini ukhukhamba?

Ubuchwepheshe bekhukhamba ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa kubonisa izindlela ezimbili:

1. Imbewu yindlela yokudla, kodwa kukhona amathuba okuthola okuningi. Zizofika ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, ngokuqala ukufudumala okuzinzile.
2. Izithombo - imbewu ehlumekile inamathele epotsheni ngo-Ephreli. Zibhale ngokufanele ekhaya noma endlini yokushisa evuthayo. Zihluma ngendlela ye-23-25 ​​° C ngezinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwefihla 3-4 ehlathini, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuwahambisa emhlabathini. Lokhu kukhiqizwa ngokuphila kwezinsuku ezingu-20-23 zembewu - May 10-15.

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Ukutshala imifino ku-greenhouse yisigaba esibi kakhulu. Izikhathi eziyinhloko zokulima:

1. Izithombo ezisemngceleni wenqubo azihambisani nezinsuku ezimbalwa, inhlabathi ivuvukala ngokugcwele futhi igcwele amanzi, ehlanganiswe nokubunjwa kwama-manganese.
2. I-form crests ekuphakameni kwe-20 cm nge-approx phakathi kwemigqa ka-70 cm. Izimbiza zakhiwa ngezikhathi ezingama-30-35 cm.
3. Ngaphezulu kwemigqa ihlelwe ama-trellises we-wire, kuwo njengoba amagatsha ekhula.
4. Izithombo zamathangi zifakwa emgodini, phezulu kwe-coma kufanele ihlale 1-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
5. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhukhamba: i-pre-germinated on gauze njalo moisturized. Khona-ke inzalo ifakwa emgodini, hhayi ihlumela lehlumela.

Umhlabathi ngamakhukhamba

Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukhukhamba futhi ucebise inhlabathi kubo:

1. Inhlangano ye-greenhouse iqala ekwindla. Khipha izinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna kanye nomyingcele womhlabathi kusuka phezulu ngo-4-5 cm.
2. Izitshalo zifakwa kwisayithi: imitha eyodwa yesikwele - umquba 25 kg, kanye ne-hydrated lime 200 g.
3. Umhlaba ugoba.
4. Ngentwasahlobo, i-substrate iphinde ivuvuke ngezihlanganisi zamaminerali:

• 30 amagremu we- ammonium nitrate ;
• 20 g we- potassium sulfate ;
• 30 g we- superphosphate ;

Indlela yokuphuza ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa?

Ukuthola isitshalo, kubalulekile ukujwayela ukuthi ungakanani ukukhipha amakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa. Umhlabathi kubo kufanele njalo ube manzi, hhayi wet. Ngaphambi kwezimbali, izenzakalo zokunisela ziqhutshwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu, njalo-njalo njalo ngosuku. Amanzi okugcoba adinga ukufudumala, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi yokufa kwezimpande. Nisela umhlabathi, hhayi iziqongo. Ngemva kokumisa, inhlabathi ikhulula kancane, ukuze ingaphazamise uhlelo lwempande.

Umquba wamakhukhamba

Isitshalo esitsheni esibamba ukushisa okwesikhashana sithuthukiswa ngezimpande ezine. Ukwengezwa kwamakhukhamba lapho bekhula futhi bebanakekela endaweni yokushisa:

1. Umanyolo wokuqala ukhiqizwa ngemuva kokuba amahlumela abe namapheshana 3-4. Emalitha ayishumi amanzi awakhula:

• 25 g we-superphosphate;
• 15 g. Of sulphate noma potassium chloride;
• 10 g we-ammonium nitrate;

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ensimini?

Imifino ikhula ukhukhamba endaweni enhle ye-site, isiko sinikwa ukunakwa okukhethekile. Umsebenzi onjalo kufanele uhanjiswe ngendlela ephelele. Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zokukhula kwemifino evulekile yi-Phoenix, uMncintiswano, April, neParis Gherkin kulula ukuwafaka. Ukuze uqoke isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukhukhamba utshalwa yini kanye nezici zalesi sitshalo:

1. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukufudumala, kubalulekile ukusihlwanyela embhedeni ofudumele, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kufanele lube nokushisa okuqinile okuyi-13-15 ° C. Ukufika kuqhutshwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJuni.
2. Ikhukhamba - isiko elinesimungumiso esingokwemvelo, uthanda umswakama ophezulu. Ukukhishwa kwemimoya enhle yomhlabathi kunikezwa ngezindleko zezitshalo - predmestnikov: iklabishi, i-peas, ulethisi, amazambane, utamatisi. Ubhontshisi, izaqathe kanye ne-zucchini azivumelani, ngoba banezifo ezivamile ze-ikhukhamba.
3. Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi isiko sidinga amahora angu-10-12 elanga, sikhule kahle ezindaweni ezivulekile, noma emthunzini omnyama. Ukuze ungalimazi iziqongo zokushisa ngokweqile kwe-parasol, ungakwazi ukumboza indawo enezinto ze-polyethylene ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili - uyibeke ngqo kwi-trellis lapho amahlumela ehleli khona.

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile?

Ukuvuna kuxhomeke ekucebiseni inhlabathi. Ifaka umquba bese igubha entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Khona-ke imbewu ikulungele - lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokufika kwazo endaweni ehlala njalo. Imbewu ihlelwe nge-gauze, isusa isisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, hlambulula. Ngemuva kokuncibilikisa umlotha wezinkuni (isipuni esingu 1 ngesilazi samanzi) bese ufaka imbewu ibe yisisombululo amahora angu-8. Emva kokugeza futhi efakwe esiqandisini usuku lokuqina.

Ngemuva kwezinqubo ezinjalo, imbewu ifakwa kwi-gauze yokuhluma, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi ihlale ihluma. Uma nje amaphuzu amhlophe ezimpande ahlatshwa - angahlwanyelwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ibanga lokutshala ukhukhamba, ukuze zikhule ngokugcwele. Iphethini ejwayelekile yokutshala i-2-3 cm ejulile, igebe eliphakathi kwezihlahla lingama-20 cm. Imbewu ifakwa emithonjeni, ifafazwe nge-substrate, iphinde iphuze ngamanzi afudumele. Kungcono ukumboza umbhede nge-polyethylene okokuqala.

Ukukhuphula ikhukhamba izithombo

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo - ukutshalwa kwamakhukhamba ngokusebenzisa izithombo ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo amasonto amabili. Ukubeka imbewu ezimbizeni kuhlelwe ngoMeyi ukutshala izitshalo ensimini ngoJuni 7-10. Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ekhaya izithombo:

1. Izimbiza zomuntu ngamunye ezilingana no-8 cm zifanelekile ngalokhu, imbewu ayithandi ukuguquka, kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha esitsheni esisodwa.
2. Imbewu iyalungiswa ngendlela efanayo yokuhlwanyela endaweni evulekile, etshalwe ebhodweni ngezimpande ezigxilile phansi ngaphansi kwe-2 cm ejulile, ehlanganiswe nenhlabathi;
3. Izithombo ezimbozwe i-polyethylene, zifakwe endaweni elula ngaphandle kwemidwebo.
4. Amanzi ukushisa okuzungezile ngamanzi njengoba i-coma yomhlaba yoma. Awuvunyelwe ukuvumela ukuthi kungabi nakakhulu noma ukumiswa kwe-substrate.
5. Isikhathi esiphezulu sezithombo yizinsuku ezingu-20-25. Kufanele ibe namaqabunga angu-3-4 wonke.

Imibhede yekhukhamba

Umanyolo wokuqala wekakhukhamba uyizinyosi zezinkomo, uqaliswa ekwindla ngesilinganiso esingu 4-6 kg. ku-sq.m. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi usomile, ubumbwe ukujula kwe-15 cm, ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi ukwengeza ama-humus, sawdust, peat. Kungcono kakhulu ukukhula ukhukhamba:

1. Iprojekthi yokutshala ephumelela kakhulu ibhekwa njengemibhede ekuphakameni kwama-25 cm, ububanzi buka-50 cm, phakathi kwabo udinga ukushiya idlule. Ukuba nomquba ophilayo ngaphakathi, bagcwalisa lesi sitshalo ngezakhi ezidingekayo, kanye nezimpande nge-carbon dioxide.
2. Uma kunokwenzeka, ukutshalwa kwamakhukhamba kuhlelwe kahle emibhedeni, kuhlelwe kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho - ngakho iziqongonga zikhanya kangcono.
3. Emigqeni, ukusekela okuqondile kufakwe, lapho amagatsha eqala ukubopha, emva kokufinyelela ekuphakameni kuka-15-20 cm.

Ziningi kangakanani ukuphuza ukhukhamba?

Ukuphuza amanzi njalo kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvuna okucebile, ngoba izithelo zingama-95% amanzi. Indlela yokuphuza ukhukhamba:

• isiko selulekwa ukuba sisetshenziswe kusihlwa noma ekuseni ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushisa;
• Amanzi afudumele alungisiwe (22-25 ° C);
• Ukunisela kuqhutshwa emigodini yezinhlangothi, ngaphandle kokuthola amanzi emaqabunga;
• Okokuqala ungakwazi ukuhluma isitshalo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili;
• emva kokuba izithelo ziqale ukuvuthwa, umuntu kufanele enze ukuchelela nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwalokho ukhukhamba ungathola ukufutheka, okungeke kube khona ukukhululeka;
• ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, inhlabathi ingahlanganiswa - ifakwe utshani, u-hay, sawdust;
• Ngenkathi yonyaka, kungenzeka ukucebisa inhlabathi kathathu ngama-ammophos (10 g / m2) kanye ne-mullein ehlanjululwe.