Lapho kutholakala izifo ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlolwa kwegazi oluningi kubaluleke kakhulu. Uyothunyelwa kule nqubo uma izimpawu zinganele ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile. Ungesabi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela elula yokunquma ukuthi imuphi umzimba wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kwegazi, okusetshenzisiwe, noma okucindezelweyo, kuyobe kusulungele kungakapheli amahora ambalwa esampuli. Ukuqonda kanjani idatha etholakele nokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini isiguli? Ake sixoxe.
Kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningiliziwe?
Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo kwegazi kungukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile noma okungahlanganiswa kwegazi. Ngosizo lwakhe, udokotela uzokwazi ukulandelela izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- izinga le- hemoglobin ;
- inani lamaseli e-red and white (i-erythrocytes ne-leukocytes), kanye nephesenti yabo;
- ifomu leukocyte kanye ne-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ihlanganisa:
- i-thrombocytes;
- izinga legazi lokugcoba, okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-coagulation yayo;
- i-hematocrit;
- inkomba yombala wegazi.
Ukuhlaziya idatha, uchwepheshe uzokwenza isiphetho sakhe. Kodwa uma ukhathazekile ngokukhathazeka, futhi ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi akukho amaphutha ekuxilongweni, sizokutshela lokho okushiwo izinkomba ezinkulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwandisiwe - okulotshiwe
I-hemogram igcwele ngokugcwele ukubunjwa okulinganisako nokwenelisa ngegazi lakho. Ngenxa yokuthi isebenzisa amagama aseLatin ngesimo esifingqiwe, kuyokwanela ukwazi lokhu noma lokho kwaziswa ukuze ukwazi ukuthi kuyini.
Enye yezinkomba eziyinhloko yi-HGB. Lona izinga le-hemoglobin, iphrotheni elisekelwe ensimbi, elibhekene nokugcwaliswa kwezitho ezine-oxygen. Kubantu, okuqukethwe okwejwayelekile ku-14.5 g% i-hemoglobin egazini, kanti nabesifazane - 13.0 g%.
Yini enye ebonisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningiliziwe?
Nasi uhlu olufushane lwezinkomba kanye nokumiswa kwazo:
- I-WBC - inani lama-leukocyte;
- I-RBC - inani lamaseli abomvu obomvu;
- I-HCT - i-hematocrit;
- I-MCV ingumthamo ovamile wamaseli abomvu egazini;
- I-MCH i-hemoglobin ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythrocyte ne-concentration (MCHC);
- I-RDW-CV - ububanzi bokusabalalisa amaseli obomvu egazi;
- I-PLT - inani lamaplatelets;
- I-PCT - i-thrombocrit;
- I-MPV iyinani elilingene lamaplatelet nobubanzi bokusakaza kwabo ngevolumu (PDW);
- I-granulocyte ye-neut-neutrophilic;
- I-LYMPH, i-MONO, i-EO, i-BASO - inani le-lymphocytes, i-monocytes, i-eosinophils ne-basophils, ngokulandelana.
Ungathatha kanjani ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwegazi?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele okuningiliziwe kungathathwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa, uma icala libi kakhulu, futhi ikhambi le nkinga liphuthumayo. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi igazi lizothathwa emgqeni ukuze i-laboratory isebenze ngokushesha futhi ingagcini izinto. Uma unethuba lokulungiselela ukuhlaziywa, sebenzisa izincomo zodokotela, lokhu kuzosiza ukuthola idatha enenjongo kakhulu:
- Ebusuku bokuya e-laboratory, kufanele uqede ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nekhofi. Ukuze udle ukudla, udle ukudla okujwayelekile kuwe ngenani elanele ukulamba, ukwenqaba ukudla kwasekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, ungaxhomeki ngokukhethekile ekudleni okuneziqholo, okusawoti kanye namafutha. Akukwahle ukuba udle izithelo ezingavamile, ushokoledi nenani elikhulu elimnandi.
Ekuseni ungakhohlwa ukuthi udinga ukudlulisa uvivinyo esiswini esingenalutho. Ukuze ungakutholi ubuthakathaka, ungaphuza indebe yetiyi ebuthakathaka ongenaswidi futhi udle isinkwa esisodwa esincanyana sesinkwa. Kodwa kungcono uma uphatha ngaphandle kwalo.
Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe okuphambene kwegazi kudlula ngale ndlela: igazi le-capillary elisuka kumunwe ongaziwa lithathwa ngosizo lwezingalonda eziyinyumba (ama-scarifiers) namapipipi. Lawa mathuluzi ayedwa futhi azosetshenziselwa wena ngabanye. Uma udinga ukuhlola igazi ngegazi - kuzodingeka uhlasele igazi elincane elinomsoco kulolu cwaningo. Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo okuvamile, lokhu akudingeki njalo.