Ukucubungulwa kwezihlahla ze-apula ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo kunomthelela ekulondolozweni kwesitshalo, njengoba kuvimbela ukulimala okungenzeka. Impi yokulwa nezinambuzane iqhutshwa unyaka wonke, kodwa isiteji sayo esiyinhloko siwela ngqo entwasahlobo.
Imithi yama-apula iyaphathwa nini kusuka ezinambuzane?
Ukwelashwa kwe-apula ezivela ezinambuzaneni entwasahlobo zidlula ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ngo-Mashi, kuze kuvele ukugeleza kokushisa nokuhlanganisa izinso. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinambuzane zibhujiswa ngezindlela zemishini, okungukuthi: ukusika umqhele wezihlahla, i-trunk ihlanjululwe ngamagxolo owomile, i-lichen kanye ne-moss. Ngesikhathi sokusika, amagatsha owomile namagatsha we-parasite asuswe, afaka amahlumela aseneminyaka elilodwa ekhula phezulu futhi engatheli izithelo. Isilonda kufanele siphathwe nge-resin efudumele noma i-wax yensimu. Eziningi zezinambuzane zibuthelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-cortex. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo, gcoba isiqu nge-lime. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi iphathwa nge-pesticides ezungeze izihlahla.
- Ngo-Ephreli, emva kokubopha izinso emithini, kodwa ngaphambi kokuzimbali. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokupuniza ama-apula kusuka ezinambuzane. Inqubo yenziwa kahle emva kokushona kwelanga ngokungabikho kwemimoya. Kulesi simo, hhayi kuphela izihlahla ngokwazo eziphathwayo, kodwa futhi inhlabathi ezungezile.
- Ngemuva kwezimbali ze-apula. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umuthi ngamunye usetshenziswe ibhande lokuzingela elingama-20 cm ububanzi, elenziwe ngendwangu yesaka, iphepha lokugqoka kanye ne-glue. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sishaye izidakamizwa ezingenayo i-chemistry. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kungalimaza izinambuzane ezibandakanya inqubo yokuvota impova. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ziphathwa ngezinto ezikhethekile ezibhubhisa izinambuzane ezilimaza amahlamvu nezithelo (izibungu, ama-aphid ama-apula, izimpukane zama-moth, i-coffin, ama-leaf rollers).
Kusho ngokumelene nezinambuzane ze-apula-izihlahla
Ukuze uvikele i-apple kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo besebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-insecticide. Kuye ngemodi yesenzo ezinambuzane, zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Xhumana, okubhubhisa izinambuzane ngokuxhumana ngqo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhemikhali akhona ekulungiseleleni angangeni ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala sokucubungula izihlahla ze-apula, ngoba zingakwazi ukuqeda ngokushesha izinambuzane ezahlala esihlahleni ngemuva kobusika. Ukungahleleki kwamalungiselelo okuthintana nesikhathi sabo esifushane - esimweni esomile cishe ngesonto elilodwa, futhi kunemvula engaphansi kweviki.
- I-Systemic, eyangena esitshalweni futhi ithinte izinambuzane ezivela ngaphakathi. Lezi zinambuzane zinesikhathi eside, esihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Azithinti izimfanelo ezinambitheka zezithelo, ngoba zitholakala ngokushesha. Amalungiselelo anconywa ukuba asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibili sokwenziwa kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla ze-apula.
Ama-insecticide oxhumana nabo abavamile kakhulu:
- i-benzophosphate;
- i-carbofos;
- i-trichlorol-5.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zesenzo ohlelweni ethandwa kakhulu yizo:
- insegar;
- i-actar;
- karate zeon.
Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ye-apula-izihlahla ezivela ezinambuzane, kungenzeka ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-chemical agents kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene:
- ithusi noma i-vitriol yensimbi;
- i-anyan husk;
- i-garlic;
- ukuthuma ugwayi;
- insipho yasendlini.
Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenzwa kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla ze-apula kuzobavikela emthonjeni omubi wezinambuzane, ezingabangela umonakalo omkhulu esivunweni esizayo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele ukulahleka kwayo.