Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha nokucwaninga kudlala indima enkulu ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izifo eziningi azinikezi izimpawu, futhi isifundo sebhulabhu kuphela samaseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope singabonisa ukutheleleka noma ukutholakala kwezinguquko ezithinta izifo. Yingakho bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-19 kuya kwengu-65, kubalulekile ukukhombisa umjozi wezifo ukuze bahlaziye.
Kuthathwa kanjani i-smear yomlomo wesibeletho?
Enye yezinto ezilula kakhulu, kepha kusukela kulokho ukuhlaziywa komzimba okuncane okubalulekile kuyi-swab evela emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Ihlinzekwa kubo bonke abesifazane besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha oye wafika ekwamukelweni okuvimbela umjozi wesifo sokubeletha, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesihlalo esihlalweni. I-smear iyisisindo se-canal yomlomo wesibeletho, esithunyelwa nge-cytology kwi-laboratory. Lezi zinsuku zenziwa, njengombuso, ngeyodwa yezindlela ezimbili: hlola izinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope noma wenze isiko le-bacteriological. I-cytology ye-smear evela emzimbeni wesibeletho inganikeza ithuba lokugweba isimo se-microflora, futhi isiza ukukhomba izinqubo zokuvuvukala ngisho nezinguquko zezinto eziphilayo emtholampilo.
Isisindo se-cytological kusukela emgodini womlomo wesibeletho - akusiyo neze ebuhlungu futhi engesabi. Udokotela umane nje uhlwitha i-spatula ekhethekile, bese uyithumela kwisilayidi ehlanzekile. Le nqubo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Ukuhlaziywa yisisekelo sokuvimbela izifo eziningi zesifazane, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba uzilungiselele: okungenani usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela, izenzo zocansi, ukubethelwa, ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa zangasese, amaphilisi, njll, akunconywa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuhlaziywa kuzobe kungabonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba enze ukuhlolwa kwesifo somlomo kusukela emgodini wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Ukumiswa kwesimiso esivela emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho
Etafuleni elingezansi ubona izinkomba lapho udokotela echaza khona lokhu kuhlaziywa. Lokhu kungukuba khona noma ukungabikho ku-smear ye-leukocytes, i-gonococci, i-trichomonads, imvubelo yefungus kanye nezinye izindinganiso ze-smear kusukela emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Izinhlamvu zesiLatini V, C no-U zisho ngokulandelana ngesisindo, isisu somlomo nesifo sofuba (lezo zicubu lapho ezinye izinambuzane ezincane zatholakala noma zingatholakali).
Ekuphambanweni okuvela esimweni esijwayelekile, amaqiniso alandelayo athi:
- inombolo enkulu yamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, i-mucus noma i-epithelium (ukuvuvukala);
- ukungabi khona kwe-epithelium (ukuntuleka kwe-estrogen hormone);
- ukutholakala kwezintambo zegram-negative ( dysbacteriosis wesifazane );
- i-gonococci (i- gonorrhea yabesifazane );
- I-Trichomonas (trichomoniasis);
- i-chlamydia (chlamydia);
- imvubelo fungi (candidiasis);
- amaseli ayisihluthulelo (candidiasis yangasese).
Kukhona futhi okuhlukile kokucacisa i-Pap smear - ngosizo lwaso, izibalo zomlomo wesibeletho, kuhlanganise nemibandela eqondile, zivezwe. Kunezigaba ezingu-5:
- Azikho izinguquko ze-pathological ezitholakala.
- Inqubo yokuvuvukala itholakale (itholakala ngokudlula isimiso somhlophe wegazi elimhlophe), okudinga ukwelashwa bese kuhlaziywa kabusha.
- Izinguquko ezincane kumaseli wesisindo ezidinga ukuhlaziywa okubanzi (i-biopsy) zikhonjisiwe.
- Izinguquko ezimbi zitholakale kwamanye amaseli ngabanye. Leli qiniso alisona ithuba lokukhuluma ngokuzethemba ngokuxilongwa "komdlavuza", ngoba lokhu kuhlolwa okungeziwe kuyadingeka.
- Isifo se-oncological sigcizelelwa yinani elikhulu lamaseli anezinguquko ze-atypical.
Kwamacala angaphezu kuka-20%, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo lwe-cytological amanga. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kungapheleli kwezindlela ezingasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, uma ungabaza ukwethembeka komphumela wokugaya umlomo wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho, ungawuthatha noma ubuze udokotela nge-colposcopy - ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe komlomo wesibeletho, okunikeza ulwazi olunwetshiwe mayelana nezinkinga ezenzekayo ezingaphenduli ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.