Izinkinga ngokubona umbala azikwazi ukutholakala ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi, okuyinto ehlaziya kakhulu izinga lempilo. Ukuhlolwa kobumpumputhe bombala kungabona lesi sifo sefuzo ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kokwenza okukhethekile okwenziwa yi-ophthalmologic. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zale nqubo.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokubona ubumpumputhe bombala nokubona umbala?
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zokubonwa kombala azilungile:
- i-protoanopia (ukuphazanyiswa nombono wemibala kumbala obomvu);
- i-deuteranopia (ukuphazamiseka ngombono wombala ku-spectrum eluhlaza).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubumpumputhe bombala obuphelele, lapho abantu bebona iqiniso elizungezile ngemibala emnyama nemhlophe - i-monochromasia.
Umbono ovamile we-shades ubizwa ngokuthi i-trichromasia.
Okusemqoka kokuhlolwa kobuphofu bombala ku-oculist kuwukubuka umuntu onamakhadi anezithombe ezinemijikelezo encane enemibala. Bakha amanani nezibalo ze-geometri ngendlela yokuthi abantu abanemibala evamile yokubona umbala bangababona, futhi iziguli ezinokukhubazeka noma ezinye azikwazi ukwenza lokhu noma ukugcina ezinye izithombe.
Isivivinyo sikaRubkin sokuba ubumpumputhe bombala
Ucwaningo olumbuzo luhlanganisa ukubuka amakhadi angu-23. Ngoba ngamunye wabo wabelwe imizuzwana engu-9-10 yesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi lo mcimbi uqhutshwa kahle ekuphumuleni. Isithombe kufanele sibe sezingeni elifanayo njengamehlo omguli. Izithombe kufanele zibukwe kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.
Ekhadini lokuqala - inombolo engu-69, okwesibili - isikwele noxantathu. Bangabonwa ngabantu abanombono ojwayelekile wombala, nombala oyimpumputhe. Lezi zithombe zenzelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwesibonakaliso ukucacisa ubumpumputhe bombala bese ubona ukulinganisa.
Okulandelayo, cabanga ngamakhadi, inombolo yokuqala noma isibonakaliso esibonakala ku-trichromant:
- 3 - isibalo 9. Nge-protoanopia ne-de Deuteronomy, inombolo 5 ibonakala.
- 4 - unxantathu. Ngempumputhe endaweni eluhlaza futhi ebomvu ye-spectrum kukhona umbuthano.
- 5 - inombolo 13. Nge-deuteranopia ne-proto mpia - 6.
- 6 - umbuthano nontathu. Imibala eyimpumputhe ayiboni lutho ekhadini.
- 7 - sonke singabona inombolo 9.
- 8 - inombolo 5. Kungabonakala kanye nabantu abanezinkinga zombala, kodwa lokhu kunikezwa ngobunzima, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukubuka eduze.
- 9 - isibalo 9 (kubonakala iziguli ezine-deuteranopia). With protoanopia - 6 noma 8.
- 10 yinombolo 136. I-Daltonics igcina ama-66, 69 noma ama-68.
- 11 - isibalo 14, kubonakala kubo bonke.
- 12 - inombolo 12, kuphela deuteranopam kanye trichromantum zihlukaniswa. I-Proto-Nopes ayikwazi ukubona noma yini.
- 13 - unxantathu nomjikelezo. Uma ukwephulwa ngombono we-spectrum eluhlaza kubonakala kuphela isibalo sokuqala, sibomvu - sesibili.
- 14 - engxenyeni engenhla inombolo ye-30. Ama-proto-ops abone lapho 10, nangaphansi - 6. Ama-Deuteranopes ahlukanisa eyodwa phezulu no-6 endaweni engezansi.
- 15 - umbuthano nontathu (kusuka phezulu). Ukungaboni kahle kwe-shades ebomvu kuvumela ukuthi ubone ama-triangles amabili phezulu kanye nesigcawu esivela ngezansi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - inxantathu eyodwa nesigcawu.
- 16 - isibalo 96. Nge-protoanopia, ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela ebonakalayo, de Deuteronomyopia - 6.
- 17 - umbuthano nontathu. Izinguquko ekuboneni ingxenye ebomvu ye-spectrum zinikeza ukubonakala kontathu, kanti oluhlaza - kuphela umbuthano.
- 18 - izikwele ezingezansi emthunzini owodwa, obala - obala. Ama-Deiteranopes abona imigqa ebalalayo enemibala eyodwa, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, futhi wonke ama-horizontal abonakala sengathi ahlukahlukene. I-Protanopes ibona imigqa emi-3, 5 no-7 emifushane embala owodwa, kanye nemigqa enezingqimba zezikwere.
- 19 - inomboro 25. Ukubukeka kwembala kubona kuphela 5.
- 20 - umbuthano nontathu. Iziguli ezinokukhubazeka aziboneli lutho.
- 21 yi-figure 96, ibuye ibonakale ku-proto-anopam. Ama-Deiteranopes aboni 9.
- 22 - inombolo 5. Kunzima ukuthi ama-Daltons aqonde isithombe noma akunakwenzeka.
- 23 - emigqeni enezingqimba kukhona izikwele ezinemibala ehlukene, futhi emigqeni efanayo - umthunzi ofanayo. Iziguli ezinombala oyimpumputhe zibona leli khadi ngokuphambene.
Isivivinyo sikaRubkin sokubukeka kombala ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi i-Rybkin's test (ngokungalungile), kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideki namatafula ka-Ishihara noma u-Ishihara. Babonakala njengamakhadi kaRubkin, kodwa esikhundleni sezibalo ze-geometric, i-ophthalmologist yaseJapane isebenzisa imigqa egobile egobile.