Ingubo ye-parathyroid iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-endocrine. Unomsebenzi okhethekile empilweni yomzimba. Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa emisebenzini yakhe, ukushintsha kwesilinganiso se-hormonal , okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathologi amakhulu.
I-Parathyroid gland - indima emzimbeni
Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba se-endocrine uhlelo lufana nethi "islet". Inani lezinhlayiya ziyahlukahluka. Ku-80% wabantu kunamabili amabili wezilwane "eziqhingini" ezinengculazi, futhi ezisele-ezivela ezicucu ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12. Nakuba lezi zinhlayiya zixhunyiwe, zisebenza njengelungu elilodwa. Lezi "ziqhingi" ziqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli. Ama-tissue amnyama enza i-hormone ephathekayo. Amaseli alula anomsebenzi omncane.
Amahomori we-gland parathyroid anamagama amaningana:
- i-parathyrine;
- i-calcitrin;
- i-parathyreocrine.
Eqinisweni, i-parathyroid gland yenzelwe ukwenza umsebenzi okhethekile: ilawula izinga le-calcium emzimbeni. Umthethonqubo wenziwa ngumgomo wethonya elihlukile. Emaphethelweni "eziqhingini" kunamatholizi akhethekile. Balinganisa inkomba ye-calcium. Uma laba "bahloli" bethola isibonakaliso esincane se-element, kukhona ngokushesha isignali yokuqalisa izigulane ze-parathyroid. Zenza i-hormone ye-parathyroid.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka emzimbeni:
- Inani le-calcium elinyanyisiwe emcinini liyancishiswa (lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi ngaphezulu kwalesi sici kuhlanganiswa emathinini we-renal);
- uketshezi olunzulu lwe- vitamin D , okuholela emazingeni amaningi we-calcitriol, ahileleke ekukhiqizeni amaprotheni;
- amaseli abhubhisa izicubu zethambo avuliwe, ngakho-ke i- calcium index egazini iyakhula.
Umsebenzi we-genile we-Parathyroid
Lesi simo se-pathological, esibonisa ukukhiqiza okwanele kwe-hormone engathandeki, noma ukunciphisa ukuzwela kwezicubu zokuthola izicubu. Izizathu ze-hypofunction (igama lesayensi - hypoparathyroidism) zifaka:
- izifo ezizimele , lapho i-antibodies zikhiqizwa khona kumangqamuzana amancane;
- Ukuntuleka kwevithamini D okungapheli;
- ukususwa kwe-gland yegciwane ;
- uketshezi lwamakhemikhali (ukuhola, carbon dioxide, njalonjalo);
- ukuhlukumezeka entanyeni, okubangela ukubola kwesidumbu;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezenzeka emzimbeni;
- umthamo ophezulu wokukhipha umsakazo;
- ugqozi olungathandeki kahle lwe-parathyroid;
- izimiso zokugcoba.
Ukuze ahlulele ukuthi i-parathyroid gland isebenza ngokwayo, izimpawu zizosiza. Bahlukana phakathi kwesigaba sokuqala sesifo, ngokuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nokuntuleka okungapheli kwe-hormone ephathekayo. Izimpawu zingakhula ngokucindezeleka, ngenxa ye-hypothermia noma ukushisa. Izimpawu zesigaba sokuqala se-hypoparathyroidism zihlanganisa:
- ukugubha kwamagatsha nokugubha;
- ukuphazamiseka emilenzeni noma ezandleni;
- ama-chills , aphethwe ngokushisa ngokushisa.
Uma lesi sifo sithuthukela ezibonakalweni ezingenhla, lezi zimpawu nazo zijoyina:
- i-tachycardia;
- ukucasula;
- i-cataract nezinye izinkinga ze-ophthalmic;
- ukuxubana (kukhona ukulinganisa nokugeleza okubuhlungu);
- ikhanda elibi;
- ukukhubazeka kwememori;
- photophobia.
Lapho ukugula kuthatha isimo esingapheli, kuhambisane nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele okukhulu;
- ukoma okweqile kwesikhumba nokucubungula;
- izinyolo zamazinyo zibhujiswa;
- Ukuhlukana kwezipikili kuphawulwe.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-gland parathyroid
Lesi simo sibonakala ngomsebenzi okhethekile we "ziqhingi" noma izingxenye ezithile zazo. Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ephathekayo kanye ne-calcium yokuhlushwa e-serum yegazi. Kukhona hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko neyesibili. Owokuqala ucasulwa yizizathu ezilandelayo:
- i-pathology ye-inherited system ohlelweni lwe-endocrine;
- i-adenoma;
- i-hyperplasia;
- i-carcinoma.
I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili yenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukutholakala kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D;
- ukwamukela izidakamizwa ze-anticonvulsant;
- ukuphazamiseka endleleni yokugaya;
- ukungasebenzi kahle .
Ukungaqondakali kwezigulane ze-parathyroid ekuqaleni kwesigaba kuhambisane nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukukhubazeka kwememori;
- ubuhlungu emathanjeni;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- ikhanda.
I-Hyperparathyroidism ingaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- ukuqamba;
- amathumbu;
- ithambo;
- i-neuropsychic.
I-parathyroid gland - izimpawu zesifo kwabesifazane
Noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukwelapha esigabeni sokuqala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma owesifazane ebona isaziso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, umuntu kufanele axhumane ngokushesha ne-endocrinologist. Awukwazi ukulinda - kuyingozi! Izimpawu ze-parathyroid ze-gland zingaba nezibonakaliso ezahlukene: ikakhulukazi kuxhomeke esimweni sesifo esihlasela umzimba. Zonke zazo zibonisa inkinga enkulu.
I-hyathyppersia ye-Parathyroid
Lesi sifo singumzimba emisebenzini yesistimu ye-endocrine, ehambisana nokufihla ngokweqile kwehomoni ye-parathyroid. Lesi sifo sihlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezingqungquthela ze-parathyroid ngesayizi. Kuthathwa njengabantu abadala, nasebusheni. Ekuqaleni kwesifo lesi sifo siphumelele. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuphela kubonisa lesi sifo.
Lapho i-parathyroid gland hyperplasia ithatha isimo esingapheli, iziguli zikhononda ngalesi simo:
- ukulala;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu emajoyini;
- ukuphazamiseka kumgudu wokugaya;
- ukwehla kwamandla;
- isiyaluyalu.
Ikhukhumezi le-parathyroid likhudlwana, kwanda kakhulu ukuthi zonke izimpawu ezingenhla zivela. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe "iziqhingi" kuholela ekufweni kwe-hypercalcemia, ehambisana nalokhu:
- i-anemia;
- ukuchithwa kwamaminerali ku-cornea okulandelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cataract;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza komzimba;
- i-arthritis njalonjalo.
I-adenoma ye-Parathyroid
Lokhu kuyi-tumor hormonal yemvelo enobungozi eyenza ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwehomoni ye-parathyroid. Kulaba besifazane, lesi sifo sitholakala ku-2, futhi ngisho nezikhathi ezintathu kaningi kunamadoda. Endaweni engozini enkulu, abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-50. I-adenoma yezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid ihambisana nalokhu okulandelayo:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibukhali;
- i-arthralgia;
- isicasuli;
- ukuxubha;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ubuhlungu emathanjeni;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- i-hypertension;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo.
I-parathyroid gland - ukuxilongwa
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwesifo se-endocrine, udokotela ubeka ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Izigulane ze-parathyroid zihlolwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuhlola okunjalo kuyadingeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- ukuxubana kanye nezinye izibonakaliso zokwenyuka kokukhathazeka kwesaba;
- ukugwinya kwamalungu;
- izinso zezinso;
- ukuphefumula kwamathambo we-etiology engaziwa.
I-scalygraphy ye-Parathyroid
Le ndlela yokucwaninga kuze kube yimanje ibhekwa njengeyona enembile kakhulu. I-parathyroid gland scintigraphy yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-isotopes e-radioactive. Bethulwa emzimbeni esigulini, bese kuthi ngemishini yabo ekhethekile imishanguzo yabo ibhaliwe. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuxilongwa ayamukelekile kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe, abakhohlisayo nabakhuluphele (uma isisindo sabo singaphezu kuka 150 kg).
I-Ultrasound ye-gland parathyroid
Le nqubo yokuxilonga ayidingi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe. I-Ultrasound yezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid yenza kanje:
- Isiguli sigodliwe emuva embhedeni.
- I-roller ifakwa ngaphansi kwamahlombe akhe.
- Ijel iyasetshenziswa kwisayithi okufanele ihlolwe futhi kwenziwa ucwaningo.
- Ukucatshangelwa kwala ma-waves ultrasonic kunqunywe idivayisi ekhethekile (ibonisa kubo esikrinini).
Ihlaziya isitho se-parathyroid
Inqubo enjalo yokuxilonga ibonisa isithombe esiphelele nesokwethenjelwa. Njengoba ama-hormone aphikisayo enza ama-hormone, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ukukhomba inkomba yalesi sici ku-serum. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifundo eziningana zingabelwa. Igazi le-hormone ephathekayo linikezwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-phosphorus ne-calcium. Ukuhlolwa okujulile kuvumela i-endocrinologist ukuthola ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nesimo se-metabolism.
I-Parathyroid - ukwelashwa
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele okuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, i-endocrinologist ibeka indlela enhle yokulwa ne-pathology. Ingulube ye-Parathyroid ingaphathwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- imithi - iqondiswa ekulungiseni i-hormone;
- Ukuhlinzwa - kuhilela ukukhishwa okuphelele noma okuncane kwezingqungquthela ezibuhlungu.
Ukuchazwa kwenkinga yesifo kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene: uhlobo lokungasebenzi, isigaba sesifo kanye nezinye izici zomzimba wesiguli. Uma i-hyperparathyroidism ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa, abesifazane bangabekwa imithi enjalo:
- antispasmodics;
- i-vitamin D;
- i-aluminium hydroxide;
- ukuxhuma;
- i-magnesium sulphate;
- i-chloride noma i-gluconate ye-sodium.
Isidakamizwa sokugcina sifakwe kancane kancane ngaphakathi. Ukujola kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhiqizo wokwelapha oqukethe ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya zezilwane eziphambene nesimo sezilwane kunqunywe. Kodwa-ke, ukwelapha isikhathi eside nalezi zidakamizwa akunakwenziwa, ngoba zikhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies kube yi-hormone engathandeki. Ngenkathi yokwelapha izidakamizwa, udokotela ulawula imingcele ye-phosphorus, i-calcium ne-magnesium emzimbeni wesiguli.
Uma i-capsule ye-parathyroid ingapheli, i-gland enjalo idinga ukuvuselelwa ngaphandle. Ngalesi sophelo sokuthi i-endocrinologist ingacacisa ukwelashwa okulandelayo:
- umjovo obangelwa ngaphakathi we-hormone ephathekayo;
- I-calcium ne-vitamin D.
Ukusebenza kwenzeni ye-parathyroid
Uma isimo sesimiso se-endocrine singanakwa noma i-adenoma itholakale, ukuhlinzwa akukwazi ukugwema. Zonke izifo eziphathekayo zidinga ukwelapha ngokushesha, ngakho-ke i-endocrinologist izokwazisa isiguli ukuthi singalandeli ngokusebenza. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Isikhathi saso singashintsha kusuka kwesinye kuya emahoreni amaningi.
Ukususwa kwe-Parathyroid
Phakathi nokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo uhlola isimo "sezilishi" kanye nezinga lokunqotshwa kwabo. Uzokwenza konke ukukhipha ithuba lokubuyela emuva esikhathini esizayo. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- I-thyroidectomy.
- Ukwelashwa ukukhipha ingqondo ye-parathyroid (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngamabili).
- Ukuqedwa kwendawo ethintekile.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali abantu abathandana ne-parathyroid gland
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kabi kwesistimu ye-endocrine, izindlela zokusebenzisa imithi ehlukile zingasetshenziswa. Kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ngemva kwesivumelwano nomtholi we-endocrinologist. Ukuzivocavoca kuyingozi, ngoba kungaholela emiphumeleni engaphenduki. Uma, isibonelo, i-adenoma ye-parathyroid itholakale, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu kuyasebenza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala se-pathology.
I-oat broth in hyperfunction
Izithako:
- Oats ezingaphenduliwe - 2 tbsp. izinkezo;
- Okuqukethwe kwamafutha angu-2,5% ebisi - 1 l;
- amanzi - ilitha eli-1.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa:
- Imbewu ithululelwa ngamanzi futhi ama-oats alethwa emathumba.
- Ncishisa umlilo kumncane futhi ulahle umhluzi amahora 3-3.5.
- Thela ubisi, ulethe ingxube emathunjini.
- Susa izitsha emlilweni bese ucindezela i-decoction yamahora angu-8-10.
- Gwema izidakamizwa bese uphuza ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo usuku lonke.