Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni womuntu, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lihlanganiswe ngokukhethekile emaseleni omzimba omzimba, okukhona kuwo ama-CD 4-modululy - yibo abaqaphela igciwane.
I-HIV ibhekisela kuma-lentiviruses, okubizwa nangokuthi "amagciwane amancane" - lokhu kusho ukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kuze kube yilapho isifo sokuqala (futhi ikakhulukazi isifo sokuthola i-immunodeficiency syndrome) sidlula isikhathi esiningi. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwe-immune response, amagciwane angasakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
Amaseli aphethwe yisifo sokuzivikela athathwe kancane kancane, ngokuncipha kwenani lama-lymphocytes-CD4 ngenani le-200 / μL nangaphansi, khuluma ngesifo se-immunodeficiency.
Ithini igciwane lesandulela ngculazi libukeka lithini?
Isakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza sinzima kakhulu. I-HIV ine-supercapsid yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esakhiwe nge-double lipid layer ne-glycoprotein "imibala". Phezulu kwe-HIV kunezinkulungwane zama-molecule amaphrotheni (gp41, gp120, p24, p17, p7). Ama-proteins gp 120 ne-gp 41 abangela ukucaca kwesakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza - kungenxa ngosizo lwabo ukuthi i-HIV ithola futhi ifuthe "ilitshe" layo - amangqamuzana omzimba womzimba. Kutholakale ukuthi ubukhulu begciwane lesandulela ngculazi liyingcosana izikhathi ezingamatshumi ayisithupha kune-erythrocyte futhi liyi-100-120 nanometers.
Isikhathi eside igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
I-virus immunodeficiency virus ingasebenza kuphela emithonjeni yamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuqeda ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungenziwa ngegazi kanye nezingxenye zalo ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa (izici zokuhlanganisa, i-plasma efriziwe, umthamo weplatelet). Futhi, ukuthintana ngokocansi (kufaka phakathi ngomlomo) ngesiguli se-HIV akuphephile. Emathunzini, izinyembezi, ukujuluka, indwangu kanye nomchamo, okuqukethwe kwe-HIV kukhulu kakhulu - ukutheleleka kungenzeka kuphela uma lezi zitshalo ziqukethe ukungcola kwegazi.
Ukutheleleka komzimba kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka, ngoba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lifa emoyeni imizuzwana embalwa.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-HIV?
Ngeshwa, isiqiniseko esingu-100% esibhekene ne-AIDS asinikezi - amagciwane angakwazi ukungena emzimbeni ngisho nezinyathelo zokuqapha. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenzeka emanzini ombukiso lapho kudingeka khona izinto zokuhlanzeka (izinsimbi ezingekho ezinyathelisiwe) azihlonishwa, kanye nalapho igazi kanye nezingxenye zalo kuphazamiseka (maduzane inani lamacala liye lahla, njengoba izinto ezihlinzekiwe zinikezwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okudingekayo).
Kubalulekile ukugwema oxhumana nabo abangavikelekile nabalingani abangajwayelekile: isiqinisekiso sokungahloleleki kwabo ukuhlaziywa kwe-HIV nama-STD, hhayi "igama eliqotho". Ku-salon yamanicure kungcono ukuthatha amathuluzi akho, ngoba ngaphandle kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumasikili angenayo oyinyumba kanye neziqhumane zingase zibe nezinambuzane ze-hepatitis, syphilis, njll.
Ungathola kanjani i-HIV?
Ngokuphambene nezinkolelo nokwesaba, ukutheleleka nge-immunodeficiency virus akunakwenzeka nge:
- isandla;
- u-kiss;
- ukudla okujwayelekile neziphuzo;
- ukuluma umiyane;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamabhati, amabhuku okubhukuda, ama-saunas;
- "Izilonda" ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinezinaliti ezinesifo (ebusweni benaliti igciwane lifa ngokushesha).
Igciwane lesandulela ngculazi alidluliswanga ngokunyundela nokukhwehlela.
Ukuhlola i-HIV
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV sithatha cishe izinyanga ezingu-6, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukutheleleka kuphela emva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okusolwayo (ukumpontshelwa, ubulili obungaphephile, umjovo nge-syringe engavamile). Ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka uma lo mlingani esengozini (ubudlelwane obungaphandle, ukuxhaswa kwezidakamizwa, ama-STD).